1 / 19

The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

The Egyptian and Nubian Empires. Chapter 4 Section 1. Setting the Stage. Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River United into a kingdom around 3000 B.C. During Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 B.C.) trade enriched Egypt

evan
Download Presentation

The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Egyptian and Nubian Empires Chapter 4 Section 1

  2. Setting the Stage • Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River • United into a kingdom around 3000 B.C. • During Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 B.C.) trade enriched Egypt • South of Thebes, a major kingdom was developing in the region of Nubia • They traded with one another and influenced each other culturally

  3. Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt • After the prosperity of the Middle Kingdom, Egypt descended into war and violence • Weak pharaohs and power struggles among rival nobles • Kingdom fell to the Hyksos • Asiatic invaders who had chariots • Ruled Egypt from 1640-1570 B.C. • Shook the Egyptian confidence in their desert barriers

  4. Hebrews Migrate to Egypt • Moved into Egypt during the Hyksos rule • Came to Canaan around 1800 B.C. • Moved to Egypt around 1650 B.C. • Racially similar to the Hyksos • Egyptians resented the Hyksos, but were powerless to remove them

  5. Expulsion and Slavery • Around 1600 B.C., a series of warlike rulers began to restore Egypt’s power • Queen Ahhotep • Took over after husband was killed in battle • Kamose won a great victory over the Hyksos • His successors drove them out completely into Palestine • Hebrews remained in Egypt and were enslaved and forced to work • Didn’t leave Egypt until b/w 1500-1200 B.C. (Exodus)

  6. The New Kingdom of Egypt • After the Hyksos were removed the pharaohs of the New Kingdom sought to strengthen Egypt by building an empire • New Kingdom-1570-1075 B.C. • During this Kingdom, it was wealthier and more powerful than ever before • Bronze weapons and chariots, they became conquerors

  7. Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule • Hatshepsut declared herself pharaoh around 1472 B.C. • She took over because her stepson (the heir) was too young • Spent he reign encouraging trade instead of waging war • Sent an expedition to Land of Punt • In search of myrrh, frankincense, and fragrant ointments used in religious ceremonies • Brought back those + gold, ivory, and unusual plants/animals

  8. Thutmose the Empire Builder • Thutmose III was Hatshepsut’s stepson • A more warlike ruler than his stepmom • Led an invasion into Palestine and Syria • Also pushed south into Nubia • Egypt was now a mighty empire • Now controlled lands far beyond • Drew wealth from them • Contact with other cultures brought new ideas

  9. The Egyptians and the Hittites • Their conquest of Palestine/Syria brought them in conflict with the Hittites • Hittites had moved into Asia Minor around 1900 B.C. and then expanded south into Palestine • Main clash was at Kadesh around 1285 B.C. • RamsesIIand a Hittite king made a treaty • “Peace and brotherhood between us forever.” • Lasted for the rest of the century

  10. An Age of Builders • Built grand buildings like those of the Old Kingdom • Hid their tombs in desert cliffs • Valley of Kings (Thebes) • Ramses II (1290-1224 B.C.) stood out among the great builders • Karnak-built a temple to Amon-Re (chief god) • Abu Simbel-temple built into a cliff

  11. The Empire Declines • The empire slowly came apart 1200 around B.C. • Other’s rose to challenge their power • Shortly after Ramses died, the entire eastern Mediterranean suffered a wave of invasions

  12. Invasions by Land and Sea • Both Egyptian and Hittite empires were attack by “Sea Peoples” • May have been the Philistines • Caused great destruction • Tribes of Palestine often rebelled against the Egyptians • Vast desert no longer served as a barrier against Libyan raids

  13. Egypt’s Empire Fades • After these invasions, Egypt never recovered its power • Empire broke into regional units and many small kingdoms formed • Egypt soon fell to the Libyans • Established independent dynasties • 950-730 B.C. Libyan pharaohs ruled Egypt • They adopted the Egyptian culture

  14. The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region • Egypt dominated Nubia for centuries • Kingdom of Kush-lasted for about 1000 years • As Egypt lost power, Kush began to emerge as a regional power • Nubia now established its own Kushite dynasty in Egypt

  15. The People of Nubia • Nubia lay south of Egypt • B/w first cataract and the division of the Blue/White Nile • Nubia linked Egypt with the rest of the interior of Africa in terms of trade • Goods and ideas flowed back and forth along the river • First Nubian kingdom, Kerma, arose around 2000 B.C.

  16. The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia • With revival of Egyptian power (New Kingdom), they forced their rule on Kush • The Egyptians strongly influenced the Nubians • Napata (Kush’s capital) became center for the spread of Egyptian culture to other African traders • Kushite princes went to Egypt to learn the language/gods • Adopted customs and clothing of elite Egyptians • When Egypt was conquered by the Libyans, the Nubians saw themselves as better guards of Egyptian culture • Conquered Egypt and ousted the Libyans

  17. Piankhi Captures the Egyptian Throne • 751 B.C., Piankhi (Kushite King) overthrew the Libyan dynasty in Egypt • United the entire Nile Valley • Became Egypt’s 25th dynasty • His dynasty was short lived • 671 B.C., the Assyrians conquered Egypt • Kushites were forced to retreat to the south • Even though conquered they experienced a golden age

  18. The Golden Age of Meroe • After defeat, the Kushite royal family moved to Meroe • Located near Red Sea • Became active in trade among Africa, Arabia, and India • Used the natural resources and thrived for centuries • Had large amounts of Iron Ore • Became a leader in making iron weapons and tools • Traded with those of Arabia and India • Took iron out and brought back jewelry, cotton, silver, and glass

  19. The Decline of Meroe • Was prosperous from about 250 B.C. to A.D. 150 • Aksum, a kingdom to the south contributed to their fall • They dominated North African trade due to a sea port on the Red Sea • Aksum would defeat Meroe around A.D. 350

More Related