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Insulin and diabetis

指導老師 : 周淑娥 指導助教 : 洪偉珊 報告者 : 王致力、許智凱. Insulin and diabetis. 胰島中的 β 細胞所分泌胰島素。 藉由胰島素受體傳遞訊息。 經過幾層的蛋白質修飾才初具活性。 維持人體內血糖的穩定 過高 :β- 細胞:胰島素( Insulin ) 過低 :α- 細胞:昇糖素( Glucagon ) 以上過程中任何步驟異常皆可能導致不同類型的糖尿病( Diabetes )。. introduction. The Synthesis and secretion of insulin. pre pro insulin.

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Insulin and diabetis

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  1. 指導老師:周淑娥 指導助教:洪偉珊 報告者:王致力、許智凱 Insulin and diabetis

  2. 胰島中的β細胞所分泌胰島素。 • 藉由胰島素受體傳遞訊息。 • 經過幾層的蛋白質修飾才初具活性。 • 維持人體內血糖的穩定 • 過高:β-細胞:胰島素(Insulin) • 過低:α-細胞:昇糖素(Glucagon) • 以上過程中任何步驟異常皆可能導致不同類型的糖尿病(Diabetes)。 introduction

  3. The Synthesis and secretion of insulin preproinsulin removal of the signal peptide cytosol proinsulin Inside ER insulin removal of the connecting peptide (C-peptide) Inside secretary vesicle

  4. Proinsulin可分為三個部分, • 1羧基端A鏈(紅) • 2胺基端B鏈(藍) • 3連接多肽C(黃) peptide • insulin是由兩條peptide chains組成,A鏈(紅)及B鏈(藍) • 胰島素原轉化酶(PC1和PC2)和羧肽脢E的作用。 Configuration of the insulin

  5. Human metabolism level • cellular intake of certain substances glucose in muscle and adipose tissue (about 2/3 of body cells) • increase of DNA replication and protein synthesis via control of amino acid uptake • Modification of the activity of numerous enzymes • The action on cells • increased glycogen synthesis • Increased fatty acid synthesis  physiological action of insulin

  6. signal transduction of insulin 胰島素與受體結合區域結合 受體結構改變,活化酪胺酸激酶 酪胺酸基酶催化無活性轉送蛋白成為有活性 有活性之轉送蛋白引起生物反應

  7. 活性IRS-1激活PI-3K,使得PIP2轉變為PIP3 GSK3失去活性,不能使活性GS轉為無活性,因此GS繼續合成糖原 PKB與PIP3結合激活,並使GSK3失去活性 肝醣 肝醣繼續合成,葡糖糖不斷消耗 signal transduction of insulin Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) (肝醣合成酶激酶) Glycogen synthase (GSK) (肝醣合成酶)

  8. Blood Sugar Digested in Cells 主要參與者: 1.Insulin 2.Insulin Receptor 3.GTF(Glucose Tolerance Factor) (中文翻譯為耐糖因子) 以上三者缺一不可, 患者體內: 若缺Insulin→第1型糖尿病 若缺GTF →第2型糖尿病

  9. Glucose Tolerance Factor-a cofactor of insulin GTF is a combination of Trivalent Chromium, Amino Acids and Vitamins. It promotes strong bonding between Insulin and insulin receptor. Therefore, it 1.stimulates the biological activity of insulin 2.improves the sensitivity of insulin receptors

  10. 糖尿病之分類(依據WHO之分類) 一、第1型糖尿病(胰島素分泌不足): 又稱「胰島素依賴型糖尿病」,僅佔所有糖尿病少部份(約5 %) ,常發生在年輕人及小孩身上(10 歲以下病人多屬此型)。 二、第2型糖尿病(胰島素受體反應不良): 又稱「非胰島素依賴型糖尿病」大多數糖尿病患者皆屬於此型(約 95 %),常發生在 40歲以上的病人,且絕大多數是體重過重或肥胖者。 三、妊娠期糖尿病: 是圍產期的主要併發症之一。可能導致胎兒發育畸形、胎兒宮內窘迫、胎死宮內新生兒低血糖、巨大兒以及難產或者死產等併發症。

  11. 糖尿病之治療-藥物分類

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