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Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) Development and application of a national contingency plan for emergencies in aquacultur

Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) Development and application of a national contingency plan for emergencies in aquaculture – Experience of a country. Michael David, MS, VMD, MPH USDA APHIS Veterinary Services Mazatlán, Mexico November 11-12, 2008. Acknowledgements.

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Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) Development and application of a national contingency plan for emergencies in aquacultur

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  1. Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) Development and application of a national contingency plan for emergencies in aquaculture – Experience of a country Michael David, MS, VMD, MPH USDA APHIS Veterinary Services Mazatlán, Mexico November 11-12, 2008

  2. Acknowledgements • Dr. Gary Egrie – Aquaculture Specialist, APHIS/VS, Maryland • Dr. Steve Ellis – VMO, APHIS/VS, Maine • Ms. Teresa Robinson – Biologist, APHIS/VS, Maine • Other State and Industry

  3. Maine

  4. Isolated Broodstock

  5. Lethal spawning

  6. Collecting Eggs & Milt

  7. Broodstock Sampling

  8. Disinfection & Hardening

  9. Egg trays

  10. Hatchery Tanks Hatch house Smolt field

  11. Smolt Transport

  12. SmoltTransfer

  13. Harvesting

  14. Infectious Salmon Anemia

  15. Epidemiology • Virus shed in body excretions (feces, urine, mucus) • Transmission • Ingestion of contaminated tissues/fluids • Physical contact • Sea lice • If uncontrolled, it will spread from site to site • Onset of clinical disease affected by: • Length of time fish have been in saltwater • Water temp • Vx status • Sea lice (copepod) load • Nutrition • Immune system status • Site management procedures

  16. Clinical signs and Gross pathology • lethargy • protruding eyes • pale gills • severe anemia • swelling of the spleen • swelling and hemorrhaging in the kidney and other organs • darkening of the posterior gut  • fluid in the body cavity 

  17. Cobscook Bay: 2001 detection • 2001: detection of ISA and 1 M fish depopulated • Jan 2002: ISA program implemented • Feb 2002: 1.6 M add’l fish depop • Completes depop in Cobscook Bay

  18. Cleaning & Disinfection

  19. Management of outbreak

  20. Outbreak and its response • May 2002: restock sites • May 2002 – May 2003: 13 months of negative monthly samples • June 9 2003: Site - samples collected 1st cage • June 12 2003: positive test results confirming ISAV infection (i.e. 2 fish by 2 tests in one cage) • June 18 2003: completion of fish removal 1st cage • June 25 2003: samples collected 2nd cage • July 1 2003: positive test results confirming ISAV infection in 2nd cage • July 6 2003: completion of fish removal 2nd cage

  21. ISA outbreak (2002-2006)

  22. Timeline of ISA Confirmed Cages 2002 - 2006 First confirmed ISA positive cage of the 2002YC First confirmed ISA positive cage of the 2003YC First confirmed ISA positive cage of the 2004YC No ISA confirmed cages in the 2006YC fish No 2005YC fish in Cobscook Bay Spring 2002, new smolts stocked in lower part of bay Spring 2003, smolts stocked in upper part of bay March 2004, all 2002YC confirmed sites out of water Spring 2004, smolts stocked in lower part of bay August 2005, all 2003YC confirmed sites out of water March 2006, all 2004YC sites out of water 2006YC - 1-3 month fallow for the sites in ME & NB

  23. Response and actions taken • Increased sampling frequency to weekly on affected sites, biweekly on other sites in the bay • Collected viral samples from fish in cages with a previous PCR+ result • Removed cages with positive test results, whether or not confirmed

  24. Example of aggressive cage removal • Positive PCR results Aug7, Aug11, Aug12 & Aug15/2003 • No corroborating IFAT tests • Clinical signs of disease observed • Cage removed voluntarily on Aug22/2003 • Cage was confirmed positive on Sep12/2003 due to positive results of viral samples taken Aug12 & Aug15 • Three weeks less viral exposure to other cages

  25. Chronology of events • 1996: detected in New Brunswick, Canada • 2001: first identified in Cobscook Bay, Maine • Industry voluntarily depopulates affected sites • Sites allowed to fallow for 3 months • 2002: May – new smolts stocked • 2003: June – two cages positive at two sites • Sep 2003 – Feb 2006: 40 more cages positive • Mar 2006 – Apr 2006: USA-Canada coordinated fallowing • 2006: May – new smolts stocked • No infection/disease for more than 2 years • Fish to be harvested Feb 2009 • 2009: Spring – new smolts to be stocked

  26. Biosecurity

  27. Biosecurity Practices • Implement mandatory third-party biosecurity audits of farms and vessels • Have dedicated site-specific personnel, equipment & vessels • Disinfect all aquaculture equipment after use • Disinfect crew and visitor gear before and after transport to a site • Disinfect mort divers between cages and at the end of the dive • Have dedicated site-specific gear for each diver and cage-specific dive bags • Disinfect boat and mort tender gear at the end of each dive • Clean and disinfect vessels before being moved between zones or across the border

  28. Boot disinfection on vessel Iodophor scrub station Disinfection after a dive Disinfection of diver between cages

  29. Management Practices • Establish management zones • 2006: new management zones established based on hydrographic models of tidal exchange between sites on both sides of the border • Fallow all sites in a management zone for one to three months • Restrict movement of vessels, equipment and personnel between sites and management zones • Prohibit movement of fish between sites • Selective age-grouping of fish by zone • Monitor sea lice periodically • Conduct monthly surveillance for ISAV • Depopulate affected cages

  30. From this… … to this Bay Management Zonation

  31. Industry Canadian standards USA standards

  32. Collaboration & Program Harmonization • Held regular meetings between USDA APHIS and authorities from New Brunswick, Canada (starting in 2003) to discuss infection status, program goals and collaboration strategies. • Also held meetings with state government officials, industry managers and veterinarians. • Visited sites, processing plants, and feed companies • Result of meetings: • Improved ISA control efforts on both sides of the border. • Improved communication, data-sharing and cooperation. • Improved management strategies.

  33. Infectious Salmon Anemia Program • ISA was the first aquatic disease triggering USDA/APHIS intervention • Resulted in establishment of an aquatic health program • Formed small committee to establish the ISA Program Standards – (USDA, State, industry and aquatic health professionals) • Used Canadian policies and experience and Norwegian epidemiologic findings as basis of ISA standards • Shared resources • Funding: USDA ISA emergency funding (December 2001) • No appropriated funding • Personnel: State partner, DMR, lease site and quarantine authority, vessel movement control and enforcement capabilities

  34. Seven Components • Surveillance • Testing • Disease reporting • Disease control and biosecurity • Quarantine • Depopulation • Partial compensation

  35. Next steps … • Common management practices • Common biosecurity procedures • Common database • Health and production data

  36. Muchas Gracias

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