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Brian Wampler December 1, 2015

“Citizens and non-state actors should have the right and effective opportunities to participate directly in public debate and discussion over the design and implementation of fiscal policies .” GIFT High Level Principle 10, Endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly, December 2012.

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Brian Wampler December 1, 2015

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  1. “Citizens and non-state actors should have the right and effective opportunities to participate directly in public debate and discussion over the design and implementation of fiscal policies.” GIFT High Level Principle 10, Endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly, December 2012 Brian Wampler December 1, 2015

  2. GIFT’s Definition: Public Participation Public participation in government fiscal policy and budget processes refers to the variety of ways in which citizens, civil society organizations, businesses and other non-state actors interact directly with public authorities on issues relating to government taxation and revenue collection, resource allocation, spending and the management of public assets and liabilities.

  3. Why Public Participation Governments, citizens, civil society organizations and non-state actors use public participation to: Improve the allocation of scarce public resources Better target public policies to meet citizens’ needs empower citizens Broaden public dialogue Reduce corruption Improve service delivery Reform state agencies Increase government legitimacy

  4. Talk Outline • Case Selection: 8 cases • Window of Opportunity for reform • Constitutional reform, new regime • Change of party system • Variation in policy type • Centralized vs. multi-tiered integration • Broad inclusion vs. policy experts/NGOs • Formulation, approval implementation, oversight • What explains variation • Party system • Roots of reform—local-led vs. national led • International actors • Identifiable Impacts • Institutional redesign

  5. Case Selection: Regional leaders First wave: Philippines, South Korea, Brazil Second wave: Canada, Croatia, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa

  6. Open Budget Survey

  7. Open Budget SurveyParticipation/Oversight Scores

  8. Windows of Opportunity Regime Change Constitutional change Shift in party system Growth of civil society

  9. Institutional Variation • Centralized vs. multi-tiered integration • Broad inclusion vs. policy experts/NGOs • Formulation, approval implementation, oversight

  10. Multi-tiered integration vs. Centralized • Multi-tiered integration • Vertical links between national and subnational units • Great ties among national-level institutions • Centralized in national-level • Led by one or two ministries • Focus on participation in national-level policies

  11. Who participates? Ordinary citizens NGOs, professional CSOs CBOs Policy Experts

  12. Policy Moment • Formulation • Increased use with smaller distance between citizens and government officials w/ budgetary authority • Greater resources present • Approval • Stronger legislature; multi-party system; counter to bureaucracy • Implementation • Oversight • Local—Involve citizens to monitor far-flung agents • National—Involve CSOs and policy experts to monitor complex state operations

  13. Institutional Design Variation

  14. Explaining adoption • Local to national vs. National-led • Renewal type • Regime change + New Constitution • Party system expansion • Configuration of civil society • Party system • From one-party to multi-party • # of parties • International actors • World Bank • Open Government Partnership

  15. Identifiable impacts to date • Institutional adoptionand adaptation Considerable experimentation across 8 countries • Changes in spending patterns • South Korea • Changes in policy directives • Brazil • Changes in Service delivery Philippines South Africa

  16. Where to from here? • Making better use of OBS--- • Cross-national comparison • Better link results from Transparency to Participation scores • Meta-Study of National-level Fiscal Participatory Institutions (Like Mansuri and Rao 2014) • Identify links between participatory institutions and changes/shifts in policiesadoption • And, eventually, impact on participation on outcomes

  17. Concluding remarks • Extensive policy adoption and adaptation • Multi-tiered integration • Wide range of actors across policy venues • Different moments of policy cycle • However……Limited evidence to demonstrate impact of institutions

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