Driejana 1 *, Harmein Rahman 2 , Andria Sukowati 3 , Mahawira S.Dillon 1 and Mega Octaviani 1

1. THE ADVANTAGES OF ROAD-SIDE AIR POLLUTION DATA FOR IDENTIFYING PRIORITY IN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND URBAN HOTSPOT MONITORING Driejana1*, Harmein Rahman2, Andria Sukowati3, Mahawira S.Dillon1 and Mega Octaviani1 1Air and Solid Waste Management Division; 2Transportation Engineering Division Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ITB, Bandung, INDONESIA 3West Java Environmental Protection Agency, Bandung, INDONESIA Institut Teknologi Bandung

2. Outline • Background • Methodology • Results and Discussion • Conclusion and recommendations

3. Background (1) • Indonesia has 34 automatic monitoring stations installed in 10 cities  not enough (data on number of big cities) • Monitoring can not cover spatial variations, e.g., hotspots in urban area  health risk of short term exposure can not be evaluated • Vehicle emission is one of the most significant source of pollution that could be controlled with traffic management

4. Background (2) • Continuous automatic monitoring is ideal but……. • Not enough equipment to cover the spatial variation • problem in operation and maintenance costs 87 sites 34 34 sites

5. Objectives • To identify and examine parameters to be monitored at hotspots such as road-side in order to optimize urban air quality monitoring system • To analyze the characteristic of road-side air quality as major information for service improvement with strategic traffic management

6. Methodology • Continuously measure of 30-minute average concentration of CO, PM10, NO, NO2, SO2, and O3 at 5 road-side locations in Jakarta and 3 sites in Bandung using mobile monitoring for 1 week • Analysing hourly and daily exceedances of pollutants • Examining diurnal pattern of pollutant parameters in conjunction with traffic pattern • Evaluating some options of traffic management LOCATIONS OF MONITORING

7. Results and Discussion: Exceedances Hourly and daily exceedances during one-week monitoring Hourly exceedances: NO2 at 3 out of 5 location in Jakarta and 1 location in Bandung Daily exceedances: - NO2 at all location in Jakarta and 1 location in Bandung - PM10 at 2 locations in Jakarta Number in red showing number of exceedances occured

8. Results and Discussion: Pollutant Parameters • NO2 is the parameter that shows more exceedances, both hourly and daily • PM10 has daily exceedances • PM10 and O3 are known as the critical parameter found in PSI (MoE, 2006)  PM10 were found to be high at urban sites, and O3 at sub-urban sites (Driejana, 2003)  Health impact of NO2 short-term exposure in urban area has been overlooked

9. Result and Discussion: Diurnal variation NOx • Influence of traffic on NOx variation, but concentration still comply with hourly standard • Need ambient monitoring to monitor traffic emission but do not need a real-time or short term exposure one • Can be monitored by more economical approach such as passive sampler • Hourly exceedances occurred • May need short-term exposure monitoring • Needs emission control from traffic activity

10. Results and Discussion: Categorization of compliance • Does not exceed standards • Exceed the hourly AAQ standard only during certain period of time • Exceed the hourly AAQ standard ambient for most of the time of the day • Exceed the daily AAQ standard

11. Discussion: Traffic Management Options • Link • Reduce/eliminate side friction (p) • One/two system (t) • Road widening (p) • Intersection • Signaling (for un-signalized intersection) (p) • Re-setting (for signalized intersection) (p) • Approach geometric improvement (p) • Traffic • Sorting (t) • Re-routing (Public Transport) (t) • Limiting (t) Notes: p = permanent scheme ; t = temporary

12. Discussion: Example of TM scheme Temporary TM Scheme Implementation Period

13. Conclusion and Recommendations (1) • Available mobile monitoring can be utilised for screening the location and parameter to be monitored • Selected monitoring for certain parameter based on priority will reduce the cost, while allowing better spatial coverage • Roadside is a hotspot for NOx, the hourly exceedances are overlooked by the current reporting method • Roadside data can be used to determine and evaluate traffic management scheme applied in the polluted area

14. Conclusion and Recommendations (2) • Air pollution parameters and its related traffic parameters define traffic management objective (volume and speed) • The objective determine the suited traffic management scheme • Temporary scheme solutions (one way system, 3 in 1, traffic signal re-setting, sorting and re-routing of public transport) are suitable for controlling hourly concentration exceedance • Permanent scheme solutions (reducing/eliminating side friction, widening, signaling, geometric improvement) should be used for controlling frequent hourly and daily concentration exceedance

15. Acknowledgement • Swisscontact and BPLHD DKI for providing the road-side monitoring data in Jakarta • Joint Action Research of CIDA-AIT’s South East Asia - Urban Environmental Management Application Project (SEA UEMA) of the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering ITB, Indonesia, West Java Environmental Protection Agency, Indonesia and the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand Thank you! driejana@indo.net.id .