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Lecture 19

Lecture 19. Chapter 7 Regulation of Gene Expression in eukaryotes 7.1 Histones and Transcriptional Regulation 7.2 Post-Transcriptional Regulation 7.3 Nuclear Export 7.4 RNA stability 7.5 Translational control 7.6 mRNA localization 7.7 Protein regulation

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Lecture 19

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  1. Lecture 19 Chapter 7 Regulation of Gene Expression in eukaryotes 7.1 Histones and Transcriptional Regulation 7.2 Post-Transcriptional Regulation 7.3 Nuclear Export 7.4 RNA stability 7.5 Translational control 7.6 mRNA localization 7.7 Protein regulation 7.8 Experiments 第7章 真核生物基因 表达调控 7.1 组蛋白与转录调控 7.2 转录后调控 7.3 细胞核输出 7.4 RNA稳定性 7.5 翻译调控 7.6 mRNA定位 7.7 蛋白质调控 7.8 实验研究 Teamwork 3

  2. Review of Lecture 18 A1→ Sex determination in fruit fly / 果蝇的性别决定 A2-1→ Heat shock protein mRNAs are exported with the help of Rip1P protein 热休克蛋白mRNA由Rip1P蛋白帮助输出 A2-2→ HIV mRNAs are exported with the help of Rev protein / HIV mRNA由Rev蛋白帮助输出 A3-1→ TTP binds to ARE and attracts decay enzymes TTP与ARE结合并吸引衰败酶 A3-2→ Aconitase binds to 3’-UTR and increases transferrin mRNA stability顺乌头酸酶与3’-UTR结合以增强运铁蛋白mRNA稳定性 A4→ RNA interference is … / RNA干涉就是 … A5→ Small RNAs lead to degradation of target mRNA or inhibition of its translation 小RNA导致目标mRNA降解或抑制其翻译

  3. A1→ Sex determination in fruit fly 果蝇的性别决定

  4. A2-1→ Heat shock protein mRNAs are exported with the help of Rip1P protein热休克蛋白mRNA由Rip1P蛋白帮助输出 Yeast cellswww.zeiss.de/C12567BE0045ACF1/ContentsWWWInte

  5. A2-2→ HIV mRNAs are exported with the help of Rev proteinHIV mRNA由Rev蛋白帮助输出

  6. A3-1→ TTP binds to ARE and attracts decay enzymes /TTP与ARE结合并吸引衰败酶 Growth signal TTP: a CCCH zinc finger protein

  7. A3-2→ Aconitase binds to 3’-UTR and increases transferrin mRNA stability顺乌头酸酶与3’-UTR结合以增强运铁蛋白mRNA稳定性

  8. A4→ RNA interference is … RNA干涉就是 … RNA interference: A process that uses siRNA or miRNA to induce degradation of a target mRNA. （一种siRNA或miRNA诱导目标mRNA降解的过程） Two U.S. scientists won Nobel Prize in medicine(October 4, 2006) U.S. scientists Andrew Fire and Craig Mello won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine Monday for discovering a powerful way to turn off the effect of specific genes, opening potential new paths for disease treatment. www.english.vietnamnet.vn/.../2006/10/618962/

  9. A5→ Small RNAs lead to degradation of target mRNA or inhibition of its translation 小RNA导致目标mRNA降解或抑制其翻译

  10. Questions for Lecture 19 Q1→ How is translational global control realized? 翻译的全局控制是如何实现的？ Q2→ How is translational specific control realized? 翻译的特异性控制是如何实现的？ Q3→ What are the three mechanisms for mRNA localization? mRNA定位有哪三种机理？

  11. Vocabulary of Lecture 19 (1/1) global control mRNA-specific control cytoplasmic polyadenylation element, CPE Maskin ferritin fibroblast 全局控制 mRNA特异性控制 细胞质聚腺 苷酸化元件 掩蔽蛋白 * 铁蛋白 成纤维细胞

  12. 7.5 Translational control / 翻译调控

  13. Q1→ How is translational global control realized? 翻译的全局控制是如何实现的？

  14. 7.5.1 Global Control / 全局控制 全局控制：细胞中一次就对所有转译过程进行的调控。 Global control:Regulation of all translation in the cell at once. Chapter 6 Page 124 Picornavirus 小核糖核酸病毒

  15. A1-1→ Global control through phosphorylation of eIF2通过eIF2的磷酸化实现翻译的全局控制

  16. Normal cycle at translation initiation

  17. A1-2→ Global control through phosphorylation of 4E-BP通过4E-BP的磷酸化实现翻译的全局控制

  18. Global control through 4E-BP

  19. 7.5.2 mRNA-Specific ControlmRNA特异性控制 mRNA-specific control: A kind of translation control in which the translation of specific mRNAs is regulated, as opposed to all mRNAs. mRNA特异性控制： 一种转译控制的种类，它调控的是特殊的mRNA，而不是全部mRNA。

  20. Q2→ How is translational specific control realized? 翻译的特异性控制是如何实现的？

  21. mRNA with CPE CPE: Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element （细胞质聚腺苷酸化元件） www.nature.com/.../v21/n9/full/7594434a.html

  22. A2-1→ mRNA-specific control through CPEB通过CPEB实现翻译的特异性控制

  23. Ferritin / 铁蛋白 铁蛋白：在细胞质中与铁结合的蛋白质。 Ferritin:Protein that binds to iron in the cytoplasm. Crystal Structure Of Ferritin (Tm1128) From Thermotoga Maritima Fe File: Ferritin 1VLG.val

  24. A2-2→ Regulation of ferritin by aconitase顺乌头酸酶对铁蛋白的调控 What is different in regulation of transferrin and ferritin production by aconitase?

  25. 7.6 mRNA localization / mRNA定位

  26. Q3→ What are the three mechanisms for mRNA localization? mRNA定位有哪三种机理？

  27. Many proteins have no signals Many proteins contain signals that cause them to localize to specific areas after translation. However, many other proteins do not contain such signals. Their localization depends to a great extent on where in the cell their mRNA is translated. 许多蛋白质都带有信号，使它们在转译后被定位到特定的区域中去。然而，还有许多蛋白质并不含有这样的信号。它们的定位在很大程度上依赖于它们的mRNA在哪儿进行转译。

  28. A3→ Three mechanisms for mRNA localization /mRNA定位的三种机理 Active transportation 主动运输 Unstable 不稳定 Stable 稳定 Trap region 捕捉区域

  29. Localization of β-actin mRNAβ-肌动蛋白mRNA的定位 A fibroblast cell 移动性成纤维细胞将β-激动蛋白mRNA特异性地定位到细胞的移动头上

  30. Localization of β-actin mRNAβ-肌动蛋白mRNA的定位 ZBP1 在β-肌动蛋白mRNA的运输途中防止它被翻译。 Src使ZBP1 发生磷酸化并从β-肌动蛋白3’-UTR脱离。

  31. 7.7 Protein regulation / 蛋白质调控 eIF2的磷酸化影响eIF2B的功能 eIF4E的功能被4E-BP蛋白的结合所阻遏

  32. 7.8 Experiments / 实验研究 7.8.1 Beads-on-a-string Structure 线珠结构 7.8.2 Repression of Gene Expression in Heterochromatin异染色质中基因表达的阻遏

  33. 7.8.1 Beads-on-a-string Structure线珠结构 A pearl bracelet 珍珠手链

  34. DNase treatment

  35. DNase treatment

  36. 7.8.2 Repression of Gene Expression in Heterochromatin异染色质中基因表达的阻遏 Yeast colonies are white Yeast colonies are red.

  37. Essentials of Lecture 19 / 第19讲要点 A1-1→ Global control through phosphorylation of eIF2 通过eIF2的磷酸化实现翻译的全局控制 A1-2→ Global control through phosphorylation of 4E-BP通过4E-BP的磷酸化实现翻译的全局控制 A2-1→ mRNA-specific control through CPEB通过CPEB实现翻译的特异性控制 A2-2→ Regulation of ferritin by aconitase顺乌头酸酶对铁蛋白的调控 A3→ Three mechanisms for mRNA localization mRNA定位的三种机理

  38. A1-1→ Global control through phosphorylation of eIF2通过eIF2的磷酸化实现翻译的全局控制

  39. A1-2→ Global control through phosphorylation of 4E-BP通过4E-BP的磷酸化实现翻译的全局控制

  40. A2-1→ mRNA-specific control through CPEB通过CPEB实现翻译的特异性控制

  41. A2-2→ Regulation of ferritin by aconitase顺乌头酸酶对铁蛋白的调控 What is different in regulation of transferrin and ferritin production by aconitase?

  42. A3→ Three mechanisms for mRNA localization /mRNA定位的三种机理 Active transportation 主动运输 Unstable 不稳定 Stable 稳定 Trap region 捕捉区域

  43. Lecture 20 第8章 DNA复制 8.1 半保留复制 8.2 复制的起始 8.3 半不连续复制 8.4 复制延伸 及其相关蛋白 8.5 DNA拓扑学 8.6 真核生物 DNA复制 8.7 实验研究 Chapter 8 DNA Replication 8.1 Semi-Conservative Replication 8.2 Initiation of Replication 8.3 Semi-Discontinuous replication 8.4 Elongation of Replication and its Proteins 8.5 DNA topology 8.6 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes 8.7 Experiments

  44. Questions for Lecture 20 Q1→ What mechanism is used by DNA replication?DNA复制使用什么机理？ Q2→ How does E. coli initiate its DNA replication?大肠杆菌如何起始DNA复制？ Q3→ Why is DNA replication also called semi- discontinuous replication?为什么DNA复制也称为半不连续复制？ Q4→ Who is the key player in DNA replication? DNA复制中谁是主要玩家？ Q5→ Why can’t DNA synthesis run in 3’→5’ direction?为什么DNA复制不能以3’→5’方向进行 ？ Q6→ How is a primer removed? 引物是如何去除的？

  45. Teamwork 3 Paragraph reconstruction /段落重建

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