Chapter

1. 7 Chapter Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

2. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Describe the features of telecommunications networks and identify key networking technologies. • Evaluate alternative transmission media, types of networks, and network services. • Demonstrate how the Internet and Internet technology work and how they support communication and e-business.

3. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology LEARNING OBJECTIVES (cont’d) • Identify and describe the principal technologies and standards for wireless networking, communication, and Internet access. • Assess the business value of wireless technology and important wireless applications in business.

4. Problem: Overcoming poor location and steep competition. Solutions: Deploy IP network, wireless LAN, and wireless clients with links to customer database to increase service and revenue. Wireless mobile access to customer systems and wireless data and voice services enable employees to work more efficiently and focus on customers. Demonstrates IT’s role in providing superior customer service and redesigning processes and job functions. Illustrates digital technology’s ability to overcome business weaknesses by creating new strengths. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology Hyatt Regency Osaka Uses Wireless Networking for High-Touch Service

5. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN TODAY’S BUSINESS WORLD • A networking and communications revolution led by Internet-based technologies • 1 billion instant messages per day • 4 billion e-mails each day • 65 million music files downloaded

6. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology t TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN TODAY’S BUSINESS WORLD • Estimated 3.9 billion photos sent over the Internet • $769 billion spent in the United States on telecommunications equipment and services • Today, networking and the Internet are synonymous with doing business.

7. Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Networks and Corporate Infrastructure • A network consists of two or more connected computers. • Each computer on the network contains a network interface device called a network interface card (NIC). • The connection medium for linking network components can be a telephone wire, coaxial cable, or radio signal in the case of cell phone and wireless local area networks.

8. Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Networks and Corporate Infrastructure (Continued) • The network operating system (NOS) routes and manages communications on the network and coordinates network resources. • Networks also contain a switch or a hub acting as a connection point between the computers. • Hubs are very simple devices that connect network components, sending a packet of data to all other connected devices.

9. Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Networks and Corporate Infrastructure (Continued) • A switch has more intelligence than a hub and can filter and forward data to a specified destination. Switches are used within individual networks. • A router is a special communications processor used to route packets of data through different networks, ensuring that the message sent gets to the correct address.

10. Figure 7-1 Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Components of a Simple Network

11. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN TODAY’S BUSINESS WORLD The Business Telecommunications Environment • Telecommunications environment provides connectivity by providing communication channels for text, voice, and video images. • The network infrastructure for a large corporation consists of many different kinds of networks for both data and voice communication. • Most of these different kinds of networks are moving towards a common Internet foundation.

12. Figure 7-2 Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN TODAY’S BUSINESS WORLD Corporate Network Infrastructure

13. Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Key Digital Networking Technologies • Client/Server Computing • TCP/IP and Connectivity

14. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Client/Server Computing: • Client/server computing is a distributed computing model in which much of the processing power is located within small, inexpensive client computers. • The powerful clients are linked to one another through a network that is controlled by a network server computer. • The server sets the rules of communication for the network and provides every client with an address so others can find it on the network.

15. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology net CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE TCP/IP and Connectivity: • TCP/IP is the communications protocol used by the Internet and all Internet devices. • TCP/IP provides for breaking up digital messages into packets, routing them to the proper addresses, and then reassembling them into coherent messages. • TCP/IP uses a suite of protocols: TCP and IP.

16. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): • Handles the movement of data between computers • Establishes a connection between the computers, sequences the transfer of packets, and acknowledges the packets sent

17. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Internet Protocol (IP): • Responsible for the delivery of packets • Includes the disassembling and reassembling of packets during transmission

18. Figure 8-7 Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Functions of the Modem

19. Type Area Local Area Network (LAN) Up to 500 meters (half a mile); an office or floor of a building Campus Area Network (CAN) Up to 1,000 meters (a mile); a college campus or corporate facility Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) A city or metropolitan area Transcontinental or global area Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Types of Networks

20. A LAN connects computers and other digital devices within a short distance (One building or several buildings in close proximity). It allows all computer users to connect with each other to share information and devices, such as printers. Cabling or wireless technology links computers, network interface cards, and software Ethernet is the dominant LAN standard. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology Local Area Networks

21. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Physical Transmission Media The different kinds of physical transmission media used by the networks are: • Twisted Wire • Copper wire twisted in pairs • Older analog transmission medium • Can be used for digital signals • Coaxial Cable • Insulated copper wire • Faster, more interference-free than twisted pair • Difficult to install; doesn’t support analog signals

22. Fiber Optics and Optical Networks Strands of clear glass fiber bound into cables Has the greatest capacity of the telecommunications media. A fast, light and durable transmission medium. Can transfer large volume of data. More expensive, harder to install. Wireless Transmission Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE Physical Transmission Media

23. Transmission Speed Bandwidth -The capacity for information flow over a telecommunications channel, measured by bits per second (BPS). This is the frequency range of a telecommunications channel; it determines the channel’s maximum transmission rate. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

24. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology Transmission Media Transmission Speed

25. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET THE INTERNET Technically, the Internet is a global information system defined by three characteristics: • A network composed of computers and other devices that are logically linked together by a unique address space based on the Internet Protocol

26. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET (Continued) • A network where network devices are able to support communications using TCP/IP or other compatible protocols • A network that provides high-level services layered on a communication and network infrastructure

27. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET Internet Addressing, Architecture, and Governance The Domain Name System: Every device connected to the Internet has a unique 32-bit numeric IP address. • A Domain Name System (DNS) converts IP addresses to English-like domain names. • The domain name is the name that corresponds to the unique 32-bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet.

28. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET Internet Addressing, Architecture, and Governance (Continued) The Domain Name System: • DNS servers maintain a database containing IP addresses mapped to their corresponding domain names. • To access a computer on the Internet, users need only specify its domain name.

29. Figure 7-8 Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology t THE INTERNET The Domain Name System

30. Figure 7-9 Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET Internet Architecture: Internet Network Architecture

31. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET Internet Governance: No one “owns” the Internet, however, worldwide Internet policies are established by the following organizations: • Internet Architecture Board (IAB) • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

32. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET Internet Governance: (Continued) • Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC) • Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) • Internet Society (ISOC) • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

33. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET Major Internet Services • E-mail: Person-to-person messaging; document sharing • Usenet newsgroups: Discussion groups on electronic bulletin boards • LISTSERVs: Discussion groups using e-mail mailing list servers • Chatting and instant messaging: Interactive conversations Table 8-6

34. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET Major Internet Services (Continued) • Telnet: Logging on to one computer system and doing work on another • FTP: Transferring files from computer to computer • World Wide Web: Retrieving, formatting, and displaying information (including text, audio, graphics, and video) using hypertext links Table 8-6 (Continued)

35. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology t THE INTERNET The Internet and Business Value • The World Wide Web: • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): communications standard used to transfer pages on the Web. • URL (Uniform Resource Locator) • Web servers

36. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET Searching for information on the Web • The Internet lowers search costs • Search engines • Intelligent agents and shopping bots

37. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE INTERNET Intranets and Extranets • Intranets: • An intranet is an internal organizational network that provides access to data across a business firm. • Extranets: • Allow authorized vendors and customers to have limited access to its internal intranet

38. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION AND E-BUSINESS Groupware, Teamware, and Electronic Conferencing • Groupware: Provides capabilities for supporting enterprise-wide communication and collaborative work • Teamware: Enables companies to implement collaboration applications easily that can be accessed using Web browser software

39. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION AND E-BUSINESS Groupware, Teamware, and Electronic Conferencing (Continued) • Electronic conferencing tools: Provides a virtual conference table where participants can view and modify documents and slides or share their thoughts and comments using chat, audio, or video

40. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION AND E-BUSINESS Internet Telephony • Internet telephony: Enable companies to use Internet technology for telephone voice transmission over the Internet or private networks • Voice over IP (VoIP) technology: Uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to deliver voice information in digital form using packet switching

41. Figure 7-13 Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION AND E-BUSINESS How IP Telephony Works

42. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION AND E-BUSINESS Virtual Private Networks • A virtual private network based on the Internet Protocol provides a secure connection between two points across the Internet, enabling private communications to travel securely over the public infrastructure

43. Figure 7-14 Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION AND E-BUSINESS A Virtual Private Network using the Internet

44. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology n THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE The Wireless Revolution • Mobile phones have become mobile platforms for delivering digital data, used for recording and downloading photos, video and music, Internet access, and transmitting payments. • An array of technologies provides high-speed wireless access to the Internet for PCs and other wireless handheld devices and cell phones. • Businesses increasingly use wireless to cut costs, increase flexibility, and create new products and services.

45. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Wireless Transmission Media and Devices • Microwave systems transmit high-frequency radio signals through the atmosphere. • Communication satellites are used for geographically dispersed organizations.

46. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Devices for Wireless Transmission: • Paging systems • E-mail handhelds • Cellular telephones • Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) • Smart phones

47. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Cellular Network Standards and Generations Standards: • Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) • Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

48. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Cellular Generations: • 1G: Analog cellular networks for voice communication • 2G: Digital wireless networks, primarily for voice communication; limited data transmission capability

49. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Cellular Generations: (Continued) • 2.5G: Interim step toward 3G in the United States • 3G: High-speed; mobile; supports video and other rich media; always-on transmission for e-mail, Web browsing, instant messaging

50. Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access • Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): Uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) and microbrowsers • I-mode: Uses compact HTML and allows for continuous connection