1 / 27

Religion and Science Islamic Perspective

Religion and Science Islamic Perspective. 13 th . Christian – Jewish – Muslim Dialogue November 14, 2017. In the Beginning 1.

fanniel
Download Presentation

Religion and Science Islamic Perspective

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Religion and ScienceIslamic Perspective 13th. Christian – Jewish – Muslim Dialogue November 14, 2017

  2. In the Beginning 1 And when your Lord said to the angels, “I will place a viceroy in the earth,” they said, “Will You place therein one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we hymn Your praise and sanctify You? He said, “Surely, I know that which you do not know.” (2: 30)

  3. In The Beginning 2 • And He taught Adam all the names, then showed them to the angels, saying, “Inform Me of the names of these, if you are truthful.” • They said, “Glory be to You. We have no knowledge except that which You have taught us; surely You are the Omniscient, the Wise. He said, “Adam, inform them of their names.” (2: 30-33)

  4. The First Revelation • Read: In the name of your Lord who created; • Created humankind from a clot. • Read; and your Lord is the Most Generous, • He taught by the pen, • Taught humankind that which he knew not. (96: 1-5)

  5. Summary Human beings are able to • Learn • Educate • Use learning tools.

  6. Seeking Knowledge • “Have they not travelled in the land, and do they not have hearts to feel with and ears to hear with? For indeed it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts, which are within the bosoms, that grow blind.” (22: 46) • “Say, ‘Travel in the land and see how did God originate the creation.’” (29: 20) • “Seeking knowledge is an obligatory duty for every male and female.” (Prophetic tradition)

  7. References in the Qur’an to Scientific Phenomena • Initial gaseous mass before creation of galaxies (41:11) • Shape of the earth is spherical (31:29, 39:5) • Moonlight is reflected light (25:61, 10:5, 71: 15-16) • The Sun and Moon rotate (21:33, 36:40) • Mountains are like tent pegs (78: 6-7, 21:31) • Embryology (32:8)- Keith Moore

  8. “Most of the branches of religious knowledge are intellectual for one who comprehends them, and most of the branches of intellectual knowledge are religious for one who knows them.” al-Ghazaly (1058 – 1111 C.E.)

  9. Schools • Medina • Captives Ransomed for teaching (626 C.E.) • Cordoba • Twenty-seven free schools for the poor (961 to 976 CE) • Cairo and other cities • Dar al-’Ilm (House of Knowledge) (1005 C.E.) • Nizamiyyah (Nizam al-Mulk) • Baghdad • Naishapur • North Africa (1067 C.E. )

  10. Writing Paper • Paper was introduced in 751 C.E. • First paper factory in Baghdad 794 C.E.

  11. Libraries and Research Centers • (813-833 C.E.) Bayt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad. • (961 to 976 CE) Al-Hakim II Library in Cordoba had 400,000 volumes • (1004) Dar al-Hikma (House of Wisdom) in Cairo. • True public libraries started to appear in the 10th. Century.

  12. Stages of Development of Science in the Muslim World • the stage of translation of foreign scientific sources into Arabic (7th-9th centuries); • the stage of excellence and genuine contribution to science (9th-13th centuries); • the stage ofdecline (after 13th century).

  13. Observatories • Shammasiyah in Baghdad (828) • Dayr Murran near Damascus. • Hamadan (1023 C.E.) • Maragheh (1259 C.E.) • Ulugh Beg in Samarkand (1420)

  14. Hospitals • Walid ibn ‘Abd al-Malik (707 C.E.) in Damascus. • Al-Rashid (786-809 C.E.) in Baghdad. • Medical Education organized. 9th. Century C.E. • Graduates were administered Hippocratic oath.

  15. Medical Education Ishaq b. Ali Al-Rahwi (9th. Century) Adab al-Tabib (Ethics of the physician) • The conduct of the physician, • The conduct of the patient, • And the conduct of the public at large towards the medical profession and their patients. 

  16. Examples of Muslim Scholars

  17. Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan (721-815 C.E.)Geber • His seventy books were translated into Latin as the “Liber de septuaginta” by Gerard of Cremona in 12th century. • The first one to extract • Sulpheric acid (Zait al-Zag) • Nitric Acid (Maa al-Fiddah) • Sodium Hydorxide (Soda Kawiyyah)

  18. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (780-850) • Algebra • The decimal system

  19. Abu ‘Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan ibn al-Haytham (965-1039) AlHazen • Theory of Light • Ibn al-Haytham is credited with explaining the nature of light and vision, through using a dark chamber he called “Albeit Almuzlim”, which translates into Latin as the “camera obscura”; the device that forms the basis of photography.

  20. Abu “Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan ibn al-Haytham (965-1039) AlHazen • His Book of Optics was translated into Latin and had a significant influence on many scientists of the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Enlightenment.

  21. Abu ‘Ali al-Husain ibn Sina (980-1037) Avicenna “The Prince of Physicians” • Wrote 250 books. • The Canon of Medicine • Translated by Gerard of Cremona in the second half of the 12th Century. • Became a reference source for medical studies in the European universities until the end of the 17th. Century. • Book of Healing • Translated into Latin in the 12th Century.

  22. Ismail al-Jazari (1136-1206) The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. • Water raising machines. • Canonical valves mentioned by Leonardo da Vinci and patented in England in 1784. (Freely, p.112)

  23. Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288) • Discovered the blood circulatory system 300 years before William Harvey. • Ophthalmology • Comments on “The Canon of Medicine” by Avicenna.

  24. Ibn al-Shatir (Damascus 1304-1375 C.E.) • Incorporated various ingenious modifications to Ptolemy’s theory, to solve the problem of the equant. • Ibn al-Shatir’s model was rediscovered in the late 1950’s by E.S. Kennedy and his students at the American University of Beirut. • Copernicus (1473 – 1543 C.E.) used a similar model to eliminate the equant.

  25. Bibliography • Bakar, Osman. 1999. The History and Philosophy of Islamic Science. Cambridge, U.K.: Islamic Texts Society. • Dallal, Ahmad S. 2011. Early Islam in Science and Religion Around the World. New York, USA: Oxford University. • Dallal, Ahmad. 2010. Islam, Science, and the Challenge of History. New Haven, USA: Yale University. • Freely, John. 2011. Light From The East. New York, USA: I. B. Tauris. • Hill, Donald R. 1993. Islamic Science and Engineering. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University.

  26. Bibliography • Iqbal Muzzafar. 2002. Islam and Science. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. • Lerner, Fred. 1998. The Story of Libraries. New York: The Continuum. • Majeed, Azeem. 2005. How Islam changed Medicine. British Medical Journal (331) 1486. doi: https://doi-org.proxy1.lib.uwo.ca/10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486 • Nasr, Seyyed Hussein. 1987. Science and Civilization in Islam. Cambridge, U.K.: Islamic Texts Society.

  27. Bibliography • Sarton, George. 1927. Introduction to the History of Science. V1. London: Bailliere, Tindall, and Cox. • Turner, Howard R. 1997. Science in Medieval Islam. Austin, USA: University of Texas. • West, John B. 2008. Ibn al-Nafis, the pulmonary circulation, and the Islamic Golden Age. J. of the Applied Physiology, 105(6), 1877-1880. doi:  10.1152/japplphysiol.91171.2008

More Related