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Rotor Wash Effect.

Rotor Wash Effect. Helicopters with running engines in the proximity of ground surface create additional hazard of rotor wash effect which may cause significant damages of ground infrastructure, reduced visibility due to dust washed out by rotors and injures to people. Rotor Wash Effect.

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Rotor Wash Effect.

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  1. Rotor Wash Effect. Helicopters with running engines in the proximity of ground surface create additional hazard of rotor wash effect which may cause significant damages of ground infrastructure, reduced visibility due to dust washed out by rotors and injures to people.

  2. Rotor Wash Effect. Damage caused by Rotor downwash can affect local population adversely. Avoid over flying built up areas during approach or flying at low altitude. Helicopter Downwash damage Helicopter Downwash

  3. Example of FATAL accident No1. UNO XXX was scheduled to fly Ed Damazin - Kurmuk - Yabus - Kurmuk - Ed Damazin. During the landing maneuver at Kurmuk helipad the conditions of the area were suitable only for landing without use of ground effect. After hovering at an altitude of 20 meters a U - turn was made into a prepared center of airfield site, near fuel tank to refuel the aircraft. Rotor wash has damaged a temporary tent erected at a distance of 30 meters from the helipad; as a result one man was injured on his head. During the landing the crew did not see people around the tent. A member of SAF (national monitor) was standing talking to another UNMO member unaware, under a shelter which was not properly fixed to the ground which made it fly all over by the strong wind caused by the helicopter while landing and one of stands of shelter hit his head. The man felt down unconscious immediately. He was taken to clinic (level 1 hospital) where after 15 minutes the doctor advised to take him to higher level hospital because this injure was found dangerous. A medevac was programmed and the injured person sent to Khartoum, but the man died before sunset. SEE THE CHART NEXT PAGE

  4. Example of FATAL accident No2. 21.08.2003 UNMIT Mi-8MTV helicopter tasked for food resupply flight for military contingent killed a 8 year old boy while conducting landing to football field. The boy was killed by branch which detached from the tree which has been used by the boy as a shelter.

  5. UNMILCURRENT OPERATION

  6. 19.04.2007 UN XXX Toe Town, Liberia The flight was a VIP with the SRSG on board. After landing at Toe Town, a UNMIL military staff member came to see the crew and informed them that a house had sustained damage on the roof. The crew stated they never saw the house and they did not evaluate the damage. PIC also stated that due to tall trees in the area of the HLS he established that approaching 330 degrees was the safest one.

  7. 11/07/2008 – UN-XXX Mi-8MTV MAMMY YOKO, SIERRA LEONE (Food Resupply). During the hover, the rotor downwash of UN XXX partly removed the roof of the restaurant / bar and in the process destroying foods, drinks and furniture inside the bar. The total damages could not easily be ascertained.

  8. 29/09/2008 – Mi-24 UN-XXX & UN-XXX Ganta, Liberia (Scheduled patrol). The two gunships were flying in formation conducting a scheduled patrol. They landed at Ganta HLS to drop military personnel without shutting down engines. On take -off, the aircraft flew over a shelter built close to threshold of the airstrip and damaged it. These also caused minor injuries to three persons sitting under the roof.

  9. On 06 May 10, UNMIL Human Rights and Protection Section in Nimba County received a complaint from an habitant from Gbalasonnoh who informed that the heavy wind lifted by the UNMIL helicopter damaged his house when it was trying to land. Notwithstanding reports from the pilot and from UNMOs embarked in the helicopter assure that no damage was identified in the houses. Sec B 06 May 10 • Alleged damage to house by UNMIL helicopter.

  10. 11/08/2011 – Mi-8MT UN-XXX,BelleCpomu (H), (Scheduled patrol). During approach for landing while passing over buildings having the height of approximately 60 meters, helicopter blew away some palm branches and leaves from roof of a house. The rest of the roof remained intact. The house was hidden behind tall trees and it was not well noticeable. During communication with local population no claims were raised yet.

  11. OPERATIONAL RISK EVALUATION

  12. UNMIL AVIATION SOP (REVISION 20 JANUARY, 2010) REQUIREMENTS

  13. Section III, Chapter 9: Airfield Management, paragraph 9.19.2.3. “SURVEYING A NEW SITE ”, “CONSIDERATION OF SUITABILITY”, part e) “Dimensions and other parameters”: • 4) Touch down and lift-off area (TLOF) shall not be any closer to obstacles Structures and Trees) than diameter of the rotor blades of the landing helicopter • For Mi-26s: 32 meters • For Mi-8s: 21 meters • 5) Touch down and lift-off area ( TLOF) shall not be closer to obstacles (Light construction/fixed buildings and huts) than: • For Mi-26s: 200 meters from TLOF • For Mi-8s: 100 meters from TLOF

  14. Section III, Chapter 9: Airfield Management, paragraph 9.19.2.6. “WARNING ON OPERATION OF HEAVY/MEDIUM HELICOPTERS: Special attention must be paid when operating heavy/medium lift helicopters where the rotor dawn-wash may cause damage to civilian property located in close vicinity to ALS (Aircraft Landing Site) and that such incidents are prone to occur in ALSs located in built up areas.

  15. Section III, Chapter 9: Airfield Management, paragraph 9.19.2.6. “WARNING ON OPERATION OF HEAVY/MEDIUM HELICOPTERS: • Pilots are to give due consideration to down-wash effects while landing or taking-off from an ALS in close proximity to built-up areas or lightly built structures. If in doubt, they are to abort the landing, climb and seek diversion instructions from the AOCDO.

  16. PREVENTION ACTIVITIES IN UNMIL

  17. AVIATION SAFETY COUNCIL MEETING HELD ON WEDNESDAY 03 AUGUST 2011 Action Matrix Item #11: • UNMIL Aviation Section – to continue using recommendations mentioned in AOB #1 as guidance for normal passenger and cargo flights as well as during regular air patrol with military observers by UNMIL helicopters:

  18. AVIATION SAFETY COUNCIL MEETING HELD ON WEDNESDAY 03 AUGUST 2011 AOB#1: ...during normal passenger and cargo transportation flights as well as during regular air patrol with military observers by UNMIL helicopters the following is still in place:

  19. AVIATION SAFETY COUNCIL MEETING HELD ON WEDNESDAY 03 AUGUST 2011 • AOB#1: • All crews of helicopters must accept any human made constructions as weak obstacles and must apply the respective minimum separation between TLOF and obstacle as stipulated by UNMIL Aviation SOP for their type of helicopter accordingly; only rocks and trees may be accepted as strong obstacles by helicopter crews.

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