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Teaching

Teaching. Learning Processes. Cognition (How one acquires knowledge.) Conceptualisation (How one processes information. Looking for connections among unrelated events each event triggering a multitude of new ideas.) Affective (Motivation, decision making, values and emotional preferences.).

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Teaching

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  1. Teaching

  2. Learning Processes • Cognition (How one acquires knowledge.) • Conceptualisation (How one processes information. Looking for connections among unrelated events each event triggering a multitude of new ideas.) • Affective (Motivation, decision making, values and emotional preferences.)

  3. Key Factors for Adult Learning Seven key factors found in learning programs that stimulated adult development are: • An environment where students feel safe and supported • Treat as peers • Self-directed learning, where students take responsibility for their own learning. • Pacing, or intellectual challenge. • Active involvement in learning, as opposed to passively listening to lectures. • Regular feedback mechanisms

  4. Principles of adult learning (Brookfield) • Participation in learning must be voluntary • Respect for participants self worth must be maintained • Facilitators and learners are engaged in a collaborative exercise • They are involved in a process of activity and reflection on that activity • Facilitation aims to foster a spirit of critical reflection • The nurturing of self directed, empowered adults.

  5. Motivations for Adults to Learn(Cantor 1992) • Professional advancement • To meet external expectations • To learn to better serve others • To make or maintain social relationships • Escape or Stimulation • Pure interest

  6. Role of education • Vocational training for service • Academic higher education • Liberal

  7. Continuing Professional Development • The educative means of updating, developing and enhancing how doctors apply the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in their working lives. • A continuous process of planned formal and informal learning, throughout the working life of the individual; its purpose is to maintain and develop competence to practice, for the benefit of the individual, the patient, the profession and society. • A process of lifelong learning for all individuals and teams which enables professionals to fulfil their potential while meeting the needs of patients and delivering the health outcomes and health care priorities of the nhs.

  8. “Seasons of a man’s life”Daniel Levinson 1979 • Early adulthood transition • Early adulthood • Mid life transition • Middle adulthood • Late adult transtion • Late adulthood

  9. Early adulthood transition • Breaking out of family • Dependence and independence • Social development • Exploration of future

  10. Full adulthood • Intimacy • Partnership • Independence • Parenthood • Career

  11. Mid life transition • Adjustment to reality • Re-evaluation • Maximum dependants • Mid life crisis • Fading dreams • Fading ambition

  12. Late life transition • Retirement looming • Financial constraints • Less demands • Unfulfilled dreams • Getting ready to go???

  13. Piaget Static intelligence vs Dynamic Development “….some adults understand a complex world in a more complex way than others….”

  14. Daloz 1981 regarding adults returning to work or education “….moving away from exclusive reliance on external authority as the source of truth towards scepticism of such authority and belief that any opinion is as good as any other….”

  15. DoctorsPersonality traits • Obsession • Self doubt • Guilt • Excessive fear of failure • Fear of making mistakes • Exaggerated sense of responsibility

  16. Domains of learning • Cognitive ( knowledge ) • Psychomotor ( skills ) • Affective ( attitudes )

  17. Higher levels Evaluation Synthesis Analysis Application Lower levels Understanding Recall Cognitive domain

  18. Educational Paradigm Objectives Assessment Methods

  19. Education • Aims / Objectives Agreed • Preparatory activity • “The session” - style / setting • Learning Outcomes reviewed • Plans for future learning agreed

  20. Adult learning“Praxis” Activity Recording Reflection

  21. Portfolio Learning • Reading • PUNs & DENs • Case Studies • Audit • Interaction with other professionals • Courses • Teaching others • Voluntary External Assessment / Long Distance learning

  22. THE JOHARI WINDOW Known to self Not known to self Feedback Known to others Not known to others D i s c l o s u r e 1 Behaviour / motives known to self and others 2 Others see things in ourselves of which we are unaware 3 Things we know but not revealed to others 4 Neither we nor others aware of behaviours / motives

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