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Aristotle

LECTURE 04. Aristotle. Catharsis. Epic and dramatic poetry provide a healthy direction and chastening of the emotions of the poet the reader and the spectator. The effects of poetry on emotions are not disturbing but hygienic. Theory of Purgation.

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Aristotle

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  1. LECTURE 04 Aristotle

  2. Catharsis • Epic and dramatic poetry provide a healthy direction and chastening of the emotions of the poet the reader and the spectator. • The effects of poetry on emotions are not disturbing but hygienic.

  3. Theory of Purgation • Tragedy as a purgative of distressing emotions. • A poem is a living creature • It has a soul. • All nature becomes a work of art whose soul or form or creative principle is God.

  4. Concept of Action • Soul and body are the inner and outer aspects of the same object • Inner meaning of a thing is vitally connected with its outer manifestation. • He will work according to circumstances. • Hamartia (shortcoming in a tragic person) • It may occur within a man or an outward act

  5. A particular shortcoming or a case of misjudgment which brings about the downfall of the actor. • Also refers to as “Mimesis’ or “Imitation”. • True actor does not copy the work of another, he imitates or embodies the inner form or soul of his own making in an outer medium for the senses of his audience.

  6. Tragedy idealizes, presents men as being better than average. • Arouses pity and fear. • Medium • Subject • Manner

  7. Stages in the development of Tragedy • Addition of the second actor (dialogues) • Three characters and a scenery • Magnitude and Dignity • Increase in the number of episodes.

  8. Definition • Tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude, through pity and fear effecting its catharsis of such emotions.

  9. Six elements in a Tragedy • Plot (beauty depends on magnitude) • Characters • Thoughts • Diction • Melody • Spectacle

  10. The end of the tragedy is a catharsis (purgation, cleansing) of the tragic emotions of pity and fear. Catharsis is another Aristotelian term that has generated considerable debate. The word means “purging,” and Aristotle seems to be employing a medical metaphor—tragedy arouses the emotions of pity and fear in order to purge away their excess, to reduce these passions to a healthy, balanced proportion.

  11. Aristotle also talks of the “pleasure” that is proper to tragedy, apparently meaning the aesthetic pleasure one gets from contemplating the pity and fear that are aroused through an intricately constructed work of art (context).

  12. There is a saying in Tibetan, 'Tragedy should be utilized as a source of strength.' No matter what sort of difficulties, how painful experience is, if we lose our hope, that's our real disaster.” Dalai Lama XIV

  13. There are two tragedies in life. One is to lose your heart's desire. The other is to gain it.” George Bernard Shaw ************************************

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