Introduction to Plants

1. Introduction to Plants • Agenda: • Handout on non-vascular plants • Vascular notes on plants in foldable • Draw and label seeds • Warm Up: new handout • What do you think is the importance of plants to study and understand? • Homework:None Mon April 14 1 http://www.biologyjunction.com/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm

2. KINGDOM PLANTAE THE ORGANISMS IN THIS KINGDOM ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF PLANTS Copy on front inside cover of foldable

3. Overview of Plants: • All plants are multicellular & contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts • All plants are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that reproduce sexually • Many medicines are produced by plants • Plants are very diverse & may be terrestrial or aquatic • Vary in size from 1 mm in width to more than 328 feet • May live a few weeks or some over 5000 years • More than 270,000 plant species identified, but new species still unidentified in tropical rain forests

4. How Plant Adapts to Land • Solutions: • Roots absorb H2O & minerals • Lignin & cellulose in cell walls • Vascular Transport System • Waxy cuticle & stomata with guard cells • Pollen containing sperm Problems: • Need minerals • Gravity • Increase in Height for Light • Adaptations for Drier environment • Reproduction 6

5. Water Vs.Land Plant Cells Land plants have a rigid cell wall for support Water plants cells are less rigid and rely on the water to give them support. Roots Land plants have extensive root systems to find water, nutrients and footing, roots are also used for storage Water plants many do not have roots and absorb nutrients through leaves 5

6. 2 Major Plant Groups: Vascular & Non-Vascular Vascular tissue: adapted to carry substances throughout the organism

7. Mosses are food for animals & help form soil & keep it moist. Nonvascular plants: http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=nopnvascular+plants&view=detail&mid=C331DAFFD5F36EC0D0D6C331DAFFD5F36EC0D0D6&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR

8. NON-VASCULAR PLANTS • Lack vascular tissue • Use osmosis and diffusion to transport water and nutrients • Do not have “true” roots, stems, & leaves. • Reproduce by sperm & eggs formed at the tip of the “leafy stem”. • Need water source - grow on land near streams & rivers • Small and close to the ground

9. Vascular Plants • Seedless – ferns have spores instead of seeds • Have seeds • Gymnosperms – seeds with no covering • Angiosperms – seeds with covering

10. Ferns are seedless vascular plants

11. Ferns reproduce by producing spores on structures on the undersides of their fronds called sori. The fern plant which is the sporophyte produces spores which germinate on free ground growing a prothallus structure (the gametophyte) where the gametes are produced (sperm and eggs). Because of the fact sperm must swim from these structures ferns usually live in damp areas. 21

12. ANGIOSPERMS DICOT MONOCOT VASCULAR MOSSES FERNS GYMNOSPERMS NON-VASCULAR PLANTS Complete Gymnosperms Reading and Activity

13. To Do! • Go to back of page 2 and label SEEDS • Get a plastic cup and 2 seeds. 1 sunflower seed one pumpkin seed. • On pg. 2. create a detailed drawing of both seeds and put date next to drawing • Wet a paper towel (not soaking wet/not dry) put seeds into paper towel fold and put into cup. • Put name on cup and place into bin 16

14. Tue April 15 To Do Today • Check seeds - draw, label and water • Gymnosperm notes • Look at gymnosperms – pine cones • Gymnosperm handout Warm Up- Name a similarity and difference between a fern and a moss. Homework: None

15. Seed Check • examine your seeds - what can you label?

16. ANGIOSPERMS DICOT MONOCOT VASCULAR MOSSES FERNS PLANTS GYMNOSPERMS NON-VASCULAR Complete Gymnosperms Reading and Activity

17. Seed-Producing Vascular Plants • Includes two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms • Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones • Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds 19

18. TYPES OF VASCULAR PLANTS • GYMNOSPERMS: Keeps leaves all year and has seeds in cones • ANGIOSPERMS: Loses leaves once a year and has seeds in fruit • Angiosperms are divided into two groups: Monocots and Dicots http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/ 23

19. Vascular Plants with Seeds Gymnosperms: *Keep leaves (needles) all year *Seeds have no covering and contained in cones

20. Pine Cones

21. Giant Sequoias 21

22. Gymnosperms • Contains the oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine • Contains the tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood 21 25

23. Gymnosperms • Coniferophyta are known as conifers • Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir • Cycadophyta – cycads • Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Cycad Ginkgo 20

24. Wed/Thurs April 16&17 http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/ To Do Today • Check seeds - draw, label and water • Video review • Plant dissetion Activity Warm Up- explain each answer • Gymnosperms havebeautiful flowers to helpthem reproduce. True False 2. Which of these is NOTa gymnosperm? Cycad, Pine Tree, Ginkgo, They Are All Gymnosperms 3. Gymnosperms have seeds. True False

25. Seed Check • Examine your seeds - what can you label? Draw seeds (detail) and put into soil –being careful to no damage roots

26. 35

27. Parts of a Flower Lab Activity*handout

28. Apples