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Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders. Types of Treatment. Psychotherapy Insight therapies “talk therapy” Behavior therapies Changing overt behavior Biomedical therapies Biological functioning interventions. Who Seeks Treatment?. 15% of U.S. population in a given year

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Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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  1. Chapter 15: Treatment ofPsychological Disorders

  2. Types of Treatment • Psychotherapy • Insight therapies • “talk therapy” • Behavior therapies • Changing overt behavior • Biomedical therapies • Biological functioning interventions

  3. Who Seeks Treatment? • 15% of U.S. population in a given year • Most common presenting problems • Anxiety and Depression • Women more than men • Medical insurance • Education level

  4. Figure 15.2 Therapy utilization rates

  5. Figure 15.3 Psychological disorders and professional treatment

  6. Who Provides Treatment? • Clinical psychologists • Counseling psychologists • Psychiatrists • Clinical social workers • Psychiatric nurses • Counselors

  7. Insight Therapies: Psychoanalysis • Sigmund Freud and followers • Goal: discover unresolved unconscious conflicts • Free association • Dream analysis • Interpretation • Resistance and transference

  8. Figure 15.4 Freud’s view of the roots of disorders

  9. Insight Therapies: Client-Centered Therapy • Carl Rogers • Goal: restructure self-concept to better correspond to reality • Therapeutic Climate • Genuineness • Unconditional positive regard • Empathy

  10. Figure 15.5 Rogers’s view of the roots of disorders

  11. Behavior Therapies • B.F. Skinner and colleagues • Goal: unlearning maladaptive behavior and learning adaptive ones • Systematic Desensitization – Joseph Wolpe • Classical conditioning • Anxiety hierarchy • Aversion therapy • Alcoholism, sexual deviance, smoking, etc.

  12. Figure 15.7 The logic underlying systematic desensitization

  13. Behavior Therapy • B.F. Skinner and colleagues • Social skills training • Modeling • Behavioral rehearsal

  14. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy • Aaron Beck • Cognitive therapy • Goal: to change the way clients think • Detect and recognize negative thoughts • Reality testing • Kinship with behavior therapy

  15. Figure 15.10 Beck’s view of the roots of disorders

  16. Biomedical Therapies • Psychopharmacotherapy • Antianxiety - Valium, Xanax, Buspar • Antipsychotic - Thorazine, Mellaril, Haldol • Tardive dyskinesia • Clozapine • Antidepressant: • Tricyclics – Elavil, Tofranil • Mao inhibitors (MAOIs) - Nardil • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft

  17. Biomedical Therapies • Psychopharmacotherapy • Mood stabilizers • Lithium • Valproic acid • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

  18. Figure 15.12 Antidepressant drugs’ mechanisms of action

  19. Current Trends and Issues in Treatment • Managed care • Empirically validated treatments • Blending Approaches to treatment • Multicultural sensitivity • Deinstitutionalization • Revolving door problem • Homelessness

  20. Figure 15.15 Declining inpatient population at state and county mental hospitals

  21. Figure 15.16 Percentage of psychiatric inpatient admissions that are re-admissions

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