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Participles and Participial Phrases!

Participles and Participial Phrases!. 8 th Grade English Clauses and Verbals Unit. POP QUIZ!!!. Over the Past Few Weeks…. We have learned a lot about what clauses are. We have learned to tell the difference between a main and a subordinate clause.

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Participles and Participial Phrases!

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  1. Participles and Participial Phrases! 8th Grade English Clauses and Verbals Unit

  2. POP QUIZ!!!

  3. Over the Past Few Weeks… • We have learned a lot about what clauses are. • We have learned to tell the difference between a main and a subordinate clause. • We have learned to identify essential and nonessential clauses. • We have learned about adjective, adverb, and noun clauses. • In short, we have learned a LOT!

  4. However, • There are three more, little, itty bitty things you have to know when it comes to English grammar. • We are going to spend the second half of the unit learning about VERBALS!

  5. In this lesson… • You are going to figure out what the term verbal refers to. • You are going to learn about the first type of verbal, the participle! • You are going to learn how to find it in a sentence.

  6. So, what are Verbals? • The term verbal sounds a lot like the word verb, right? • Well, a verbal is a verb…it is just used a little differently. • The word verbal is a collective term for a verb form used as another part of speech.

  7. Verbals are a Little Nutty! • Basically, a verbal is a verb with an identity crisis. • It thinks it is something else!

  8. How Many Types? • Mainly, there are three types of verbal words that you need to know. • Participles • Gerunds • Infinitives • And the phrases that they go with!

  9. Today… • We are going to focus just on the first one…the Participle and its phrase!

  10. So, what is a participle? • A participle, as you learned about in the verb unit, is formed by adding something to the verb. • You add –ing to a present participle • You add –ed to a past participle • A participle can act as the main verb in a verb phrase or as an adjective to describe, or modify, nouns or pronouns.

  11. Examples… • The player has kicked the ball (Main verb in a verb phrase) • The kicked ball soared (adjective modifying ball)

  12. Exercise A. • Find the participle in each sentence.

  13. Exercise A. • Soccer can be a challenging game. • Many young people are participating in the sport. • The size of the playing field for soccer may vary. • Have rules for the sport changed over the years? • A player on our team has scored the winning goal.

  14. Sometimes… • A participle that is used as an adjective is part of a phrase. • This kind of phrase is called a participial phrase! • A participial phrase is a group of words that includes a participle and other words that complete its meaning!

  15. Examples… • Cheering for the home team, the fans were on their feet. • The ball kicked by Donnie soared into the goal.

  16. Commas and Participial Phrases • A participial phrase that is placed at the beginning of a sentence is always set off by commas. • Running from the law, a burglar slipped in the mud. • Other participial phrases may or may not need commas.

  17. Do they or don’t they? • If the phrase is necessary to identify the modified word, do not set it off by commas. • The player kicking the ball is Donnie. • If the phrase simpley gives additional information about the modified word, set it off with commas! • Donnie, kicking the ball, scored the final point. • Essential v. Nonessential, duh!

  18. One Last Note • A participial phrase can appear before or after the word it describes. • Place the phrase as close as possible to the modified word; otherwise, the meaning of the sentence may be unclear!

  19. Exercise B. • Find the participial phrase. • Identify the word the participial phrase describes (they are all used as adjectives!)

  20. Exercise B. • Attracting huge crowds, soccer is a popular sport. • The game consists of two teams competing for goals. • Playing within certain areas, the goalkeepers can touch the ball with their hands. • For other players, the only contact permitted by the rules is with their feet, heads, or bodies. • The two teams playing the game kick off. • The teams, moving almost constantly during play, kick the ball back and forth. • Varying their formations, players move about the field.

  21. Remember… • The word verbal is a collective term for a verb form used as another part of speech. • A participle, as you learned about in the verb unit, is formed by adding something to the verb. • You add –ing to a present participle • You add –ed to a past participle • A participle can act as the main verb in a verb phrase or as an adjective to describe, or modify, nouns or pronouns. • A participial phrase is a group of words that includes a participle and other words that complete its meaning!

  22. Great! ^^^ NOT SO GREAT ^^^

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