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Ch. 11, 12, and 13 notes

Ch. 11, 12, and 13 notes. Ch. 11 Intertidal Zone. Intertidal Zone-shallowest part of continental shelf, where the land meets the sea. Epifauna. Animals that live on the surface of the substrate They might live on rock, sand, mud, or other organisms

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Ch. 11, 12, and 13 notes

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  1. Ch. 11, 12, and 13 notes

  2. Ch. 11 Intertidal Zone • Intertidal Zone-shallowest part of continental shelf, where the land meets the sea

  3. Epifauna • Animals that live on the surface of the substrate • They might live on rock, sand, mud, or other organisms • Some move around on rocks, but most are sessile

  4. Infauna • the animals living in the sediments of the ocean floor or river or lake beds.

  5. Most Common Animals in Intertidal Zone • Epifauna Vertical zonation

  6. What strateges do intertidal organisms use to keep from dessicating? • Dessicating = drying out!! • 1. hide • 2. live in moist tide pools

  7. Wave Shock!! • How do intertidal organisms deal with such large waves?

  8. Avoiding Wave Shock • 1. Be flexible and bend with the waves • 2. Have a thick shell • 3. Clamming up • 4. anchoring to the rocks

  9. Limiting resource • SPACE

  10. Problems Intertidal Organisms face • Water loss • Temperature fluctuations • Vertical zonation

  11. Abundance of: • Food

  12. 2 types of substrate 1. Rocky Bottom Soft Bottom

  13. Detritus • Dead organic matter

  14. Review • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y59Y-BnqqXI

  15. Ch. 12 Estuaries • Coastal areas where fresh water and sea water mix (brackish water)

  16. Estuary • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeyOA0mwBhc

  17. Estuaries Impacted by: • Loss of habitat • Dredge and filling • Habitat degredation • Proximity to cities and communities

  18. Where are estuaries found? • Few and far between • An active continental margin is found on the leading edge of the continent where it is crashing into an oceanic plate. • Where most estuaries form • Passive continental margins are found along the remaining coastlines. Because there is no collision or subduction taking place, tectonic activity is minimal Active margins (tectonic estuaries) Passive margins

  19. Mobile Bay: Our Local Estuary

  20. Estuaries • Have a sandy/muddy bottom • Water moves in and out with rising and falling tides (changing salinity)

  21. Types of Estuaries

  22. 1. Mangroves

  23. 2. Salt Marsh

  24. 3. Mudflats

  25. 4. Oyster Beds

  26. Together, all of these make up parts of the continental shelf, where 90% of the world’s fish are caught.

  27. Review • Types of Estuaries • http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuF_X_llrYBvT2c4IGRzesbYLfPZUDZrN

  28. Ch. 13 Subtidal Communities • Subtidal zone-never exposed at low tide

  29. Facts • Most common bottom type=soft • Ephiphytes=Small algae that grow on the surface of seagrass leaves and other surfaces

  30. Unvegetated communities Subtidal communities that lack significant amounts of sea weeds or sea grasses

  31. Seagrass • 1. form vegetated soft bottomed subtidal communities • 2. have high benthic primary productivity • 3. are flowering plants • 4. occur close to the coast

  32. Kelp Forests • 1. occur in cold water in temperate and subpolar regions • 2. are attached to bottom by a holdfast • 3. have their fronds at the surface in a dense mat

  33. Sea Urchin Outbreaks in Kelp Forests • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_aSl3iL7rM • JEAN-MICHEL COUSTEAU: OCEAN ADVENTURES | Kelp Forest | PBS

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