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1. Universitatea Creştină “Dimitrie Cantemir”Facultatea de Finanţe, Bănci şi Contabilitate Braşov Cursuri online

2. COMUNICARE DE AFACERI IN LIMBA ENGLEZAANUL III ZI / FR Asist. univ. Gabriela-Ioana GAVENEA

3. TEMA 4 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

4. Obiective • Understand how a conditional clause works • Reinforce all types of If clause • Use words other than If • Use correctly common mixed conditionals • Relate If Clause to Temporal Clause

5. Conţinut 1.1 The zero/first conditional 1.2 The second conditional 1.3 The third conditional 1.4 Words other than If 1.5 Common mixed conditional

6. 1.1 The Zero/First Conditional • The first conditional is used to talk about something that is quite likely to happen in the future. The condition is quite likely to be fulfilled. e.g. If I see Andrew at the meeting, I will give him the massage. present simple future simple Note! The If clause is usually in the present simple. However, we can also use :present continuous, present perfect, can, should. The main clause usually has the main in the future. • The zero conditional describes something that is generally true or for instructions. The use of If here is very similar to when. e.g. If I stay out late, I always get a taxi home. present simple present simple Note! We can also use past simple in the two sentences

7. 1.2 The Second Conditional • The second conditional is used to talk about a future event that is unlikely to happen, a hypothetical situation. The speaker does not expect the condition to be fulfilled. e.g. If she changed her job, she would be much happier. past simple present conditional Note! The If clause is in the past simple. However, we can also use: past continuous, could, were/was to. The main clause usually has the modal would + infinitive. However, the modals could and might are also used and the infinitive can be in the continuous form.

8. 1.3 The Third Conditional • The third conditional is used to talk about something in the past that did not happen. It is an unfulfilled condition in the past. e.g. If she hadworked harder, she would havepassed the exams. past perfect past conditional Note! The If clause is usually in the past perfect. However, we can also use could + perfectinfinitive. The main clause usually has the modal would + perfect infinitive

9. 1.4 Words other than If • Conditionals can also be introduced by the following conjunctions: unless (if + not) , even if, if only, as/so long as, assuming (that), on (the) condition (that), provided/providing (that) • In questions we can use: suppose/supposing (that), what if, imagine e.g. Mr. Davidson says he will give a talk at the conference on condition that we pay him a reasonable fee.

10. 1.5 Mixed Conditional • In addition to all the tense variations that we can use in the first, second and third conditionals, it is also possible to mix conditionals so that, for example, the if clause uses a verb form used in the first conditional and the main clause uses a verb form used in the third conditional. The context defines the meaning. • The most common mixed conditional is: If + past perfect, would/could/might/ + infinitive 3rd 2nd e.g. If I had worked harder at university, I wouldhave a degree now. Other examples of mixed conditionals: 1st 2nd e.g. If I come to the party tomorrow, I wouldn’t bring Mike with you. 2nd 3rd e.g. If she loved him, she would have stayed with him.

11. Expresii şi concepte cheie • Main clause • Conditional clause • Conjunction • Verb form • Infinitive

12. Aplicaţii • Match the clauses together to make mixed conditionals • If you had told me about this problem earlier, • If you were a more sensitive person, • If they do not contact you soon, • If he had not died so young, • If he did not work so hard all the time, • If the train had not been delayed, • If he was feeling ill this morning, • everything would be all right now. • you could always ring them up. • I am sure he would be a famous musician by now. • you would not have said that. • his wife would never have left him. • he would be there by now. • he probably will not be at the meeting.

13. Teste • Conditional: check As you have seen, it is possible to use almost any combination of tenses in conditional sentences. The context determines the choice of tense. Exercise. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form. Dear Angela, Thanks for your letter. It was nice to hear from you. And yes, I would like to come and see you in Spain. If I … (save up) enough money when the summer holidays start, I … (try) and come then – if that … (be) O.K. Otherwise, I will come over in the autumn because I’m sure I … (save up) enough by October – if I … (not lose) my job by then! Unfortunately, lots of people in our company are being made redundant and it could be me next. If I … (have) any sense, I … (leave) this job ages ago. Still, it could be worse I suppose.

14. Bibliografie • Walker E. & Elsworth S., Grammar Practice forUpper Intermediate Students, Longman, 2003 • Alexander, L. G., Longman Advanced Grammar –References and Practice, Longman, 2004 • Quirk, R. & Greenbaum, S., A UniversityGrammar of English, Longman, 2003 • Galateanu-Farnoaga, G. Exercitii si testede gramatica engleza, Edit. Paralela 45, 2000 • Bourke, K., Test it, Fix it: English Grammar, Oxford University Press, 2008