ASP Basic Tactical Handcuff Certification (ABC) Program

2. ASP Basic Tactical Handcuff Certification (ABC) Program Section 1: Course Introduction

3. 1.04 Course Description • 4 hour hands on participatory seminar • Trained in the operational use of the ASP tactical Handcuffs • Focus on: • Portation (Carrying) • Presentation (Drawing) • Handcuff application techniques

4. 1.04 Course Description • ASP tactical restraints are designed as a temporary restraints • Provides efficient restraint tactics for criminal justice personnel without long hours of training • The tactics are quickly learned, easily practiced and readily maintained • Provides techniques that work 90% of the time on 90% of subjects and retains the ability to disengage or escalate • Works effectively for all law enforcement officers • The training incorporates drills which simulate the wide variety of street encounters which require restraints • Provide you with a understanding of the conditions in which restraints may be used, justification for use and how to document these actions

5. 1.05 Program Standards • The ASP basic certification program (ABC) is based on modern, court defensible police standards for less lethal use of force • The ASP Tactical Baton programs are designed to meet three standards of training • The techniques work on the street, not just in the classroom • The techniques are court defensible and are backed by the nation’s most experienced use of force consultants • The program is administratively feasible for use in a contemporary law enforcement agency

6. Section 9: Evaluation • Students must pass a: • Written examination • Physical performance test • Students will complete a class critique at the completion of the course

7. 1.06 Safety • SAFETY IS THE ULTIMATE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INSTRUCTOR • No functional firearms or other weapons allowed in the training area • No jewelry • Mouth guards are required • Shoes should have good lateral and linear support • Only ASP batons will be used • The training area will be kept clear • The Trainer will have a safety set • All activity will stop on the whistle • Participants will only strike areas covered by a training bag or protective training suit • Batons will be kept in scabbards on duty belts when not in use

8. ASP Basic Tactical Handcuff Certification (ABC) Program Section 2: Control Theory

9. 2.01 Overview • The ability to use force against the public is permitted to law enforcement under the 4th Amendment • As a result of the responsibility, the use of force comes under close scrutiny by both the public and the courts

10. 2.02 Confrontational Continuum • In an attempt to define and clarify appropriate circumstances for the use of force, the Confrontational Continuum was developed • The Continuum provides the law enforcement administrator with a realistic means of evaluating force usage, while providing the street officer with reasonable guidance in determining what level of force is needed • The Continuum was developed in a effort to explain to law enforcement personal the proper response to assailant’s actions and designed as a mechanism for explaining the level of force that was employed and the circumstances under which it was exercised • Specific Agencies have diverse labels and techniques for its force options, however the order of escalation and evaluation of techniques used, are generally consistent among agencies • The physical process of arrest occurs after control has been achieved. Force must cease when control has been effected. Restraint after control must be viewed as part of all use of force training

11. 2.06 Use of Force Evaluations • The goal of a law enforcement officer in a confrontation is to control the subject • Control is not a 50/50 balance. The officer must win and not just 50% of the time. If have the confrontation result in a failure to control the subject, the officer and the general public are put in critical danger • Each technique employed in a confrontation must be evaluated in terms of its likelihood to gain control compared to its likelihood to cause damage. This does not mean that officers must exhaust every lower option before moving to a higher level response. Such thinking is both naïve and dangerous. The officer only needs to use a reasonable force option • In evaluating techniques, a final consideration must be made to insure the safety of the officer. This involves the officer’s ability to instantly disengage or escalate in response to a confrontation based on the totality of the situation

13. 2.11 Documentation REPORT DOCUMENTATION • The type of call which first brought the officer in contact with the subject • The number of persons involved in the situation • The time of day, physical setting and type of situation • What subject said to the officer • The subject’s demeanor and attitude • What the officer said • The subject’s actions and officers reaction • A detailed report of the officers injuries, including photographs when Possible • A detailed report of the subject’s injuries, including photographs when possible • Names, addresses and telephone numbers of neutral witnesses not involved in the confrontation

14. ASP Basic Tactical Handcuff Certification (ABC) Program Section 3: Technical characteristics of the ASP tactical restraint system

15. 3.01 Overview • ASP through talking with trainers, instructors and officers from around the world, developed a handcuff that meets the needs and request of today's criminal justice personnel • The ASP tactical handcuffs are classified as temporary restraining devices • The ASP tactical handcuffs meet NIJ standard 0307.01 • The ASP tactical handcuffs are designed to be quick, quiet and highly effective for officers in a operational setting

16. 3.02 Handcuff design • The handcuffs are made out of heated treated, ribbed one piece stainless steel with ordinance grade polymer and replaceable locksets. This makes the handcuffs lighter in weight with flex frame technology. • They have a flat bow face with 22 locking positions for a greater span of locking positions and has a smooth action. The deep set teeth were increased for better hold and security. • They have a dual keyway with one direction unlock. • The double lock indicators are easy to reach and the highly visible yellow indicator is a visible warning to double lock the restraints. • The edges are rediused and are less likely to cause damage. • The handcuffs can be color coded for agencies. • The swivel of the chained handcuff has been reinforced. • The handcuffs are made in Chain, Hinged and rigid styles as well as the tri-fold soft restraints.

21. ASP also makes a full like of accessories for the handcuffs.

22. ASP Basic Tactical Handcuff Certification (ABC) Program Section 4: Body Mechanics

23. Principles of Human Movement • The ability to use basic body mechanics dramatically increases the officers ability to control a confrontation, while decreasing the chance of injury • The foundation is the PYRAMID concept of defensive measures • Hand position is the first line of defense. They must kept above the waist in front of the body and not over extended • Officers must remain relaxed. Tense muscles cannot engage in dynamic movement and expend greater energy • Officers should remain centered while decentralizing there assailant maintaining a position of advantage

31. ASP Basic Tactical Handcuff Certification (ABC) Program Section 6: Training Format

32. 6.02 Warm-Up and Warm-Down • All training sessions will be preceded by an adequate warm-up (Daily Dozen) • A warm-up emphasizing flexibility and agility without bouncing or jerking. The warm-up will be repeated after extended breaks • A warm-down will be done after strenuous activity to reduce stiffness and soreness

33. 6.03 Progressive Training • Asp training teaches new skills in a progressive format going from basic skills to dynamic simulation. • Skill Discussion: A overview of the technique and the environment in which it is used is explained. • Skill Demonstration: The technique is demonstrated. • Skill practice: The technique is repeated to mastery.

34. 6.04 Practice Sequences • Techniques are taught using a four part progressive format to ensure that all participants gain competency during the session • Structured to a set deliberate 8 strike pace: • By the numbers: 1-2-3 to introduce the skill • Slow to form: 4-5-6 to concentrate on the form • Full speed and power: 7-8 add speed and power • Simulation: Realism under stress

35. 6.06 Drill Formations • Five basic formations • Line: Two lines facing each other • Wheel: Two circles, with one inner circle and one outer circle. Dynamic movement is added • Post: Students perform a specified technique moving in a zigzag pattern between the bags • Circle: A single student will enter a circle to perform techniques against bag holders or training suits • Three minute: 2 officers one with a bag and the other with a soft baton. The drill is run for 3 minutes with the subject being taken to the ground, stabilized and restrained

36. 6.07 Verbalization • The verbal exchange in any confrontation is very important. Verbalization practice during training is critical • Verbalization helps the subject understand what is expected • Verbalization also helps bystanders understand what the officer is trying to do. It turns bystanders into witnesses • All verbalization should be documented in officers reports

37. 6.08 Stances • Interview stance: Designed to be a natural, comfortable way for officers to stand all the time. • PYRAMID concept • Hands above the waist with the baton in the weapon hand • Maintain safe separation of two arms length • Combat stance: Maximizes the availability of the baton while putting you in the best defensive position • PYRAMID concept • Commands are BACK stay BACK • Reaction side: First line of defense (Checks or redirects assaults) • Hand is at eye level, arm at 45 angle • Used to create safe separation with the check and redirection • Command isBACK • Weapon side: Weapon delivery system (Grips the baton, firearm or restraint) • Holds the restraints with a full hand grip at shoulder level, arm at 45 angle

38. 6.10 Safe Separation • Separation of 2 arms length allows officers to deal with sudden assaults • To maintain separation officers must deal with the subjects momentum, re-establish distance, and if necessary strike MDS • Separation can be established by 2 techniques • Check:Stopping the forward movement of a subject • Redirect: To control and change the direction of a subjects attack

39. 6.11 Stabilization and 6.12 Restraint • When the aggression and resistance cease, the officer should move to a position of advantage and stabilize the subject to facilitate restraints • The officer can then use two types of restraints to secure the subject • Hard restraints: Tactical handcuffs • Soft restraints: Disposable

40. ASP Basic Tactical Handcuff Certification (ABC) Program Section 7: Restraint concepts

41. Restraint Concepts • ASP restraint techniques consist of core concepts that build the basis for effective restraint application regardless of the tactics of a particular agency. • In every situation where a subject is arrested they should be handcuffed. • Want to create compliance over combat through verbalization prior to handcuffing. • Subject must be controlled prior to handcuffing. This is done by stabilizing the subject. • Officers should maintain angles of advantage and a proper reactionary gap. Resistance most of the time will come on first contact. • Always read the palms. • Want to control the subjects dominant hand first and last. • Upon placing hands on the subject the restraints should be placed on quickly. • The subject should not be searched until after properly restrained. • If the subject becomes resistive during handcuffing officers should disengage and the restraints can “cease to exist”.

42. ASP Basic Tactical Handcuff Certification (ABC) Program Section 8: Basic restraint skills

43. Restraint Application • ASP tactical restraints can be carried on either side of the body, but in a position that they can be reached by either hand. They are placed in the case with the connectors in a downward position. • The subject must be controlled and stabilized prior to handcuffing. Weapons should be secured and the restraints can be drawn. Restraints should not be used to gain control of the subject. • Regardless of the stabilization position the palms of the subject should be visible (Read the palms) • Restraints are held in the weapon hand with a full hand grip. • Handcuff the subject behind the back, with palms facing out. • Placed the handcuffs on the wrist just above the hand. They should be snug enough to not slip off and yet loose enough not to impinge on the nerves or impede blood flow. • Restraints are then applied by the ROCK and LOCK method. • Tri-fold restraints will be applied with the Pop. Place and Pull method.

44. Stabilization Positions • No matter the tactics used by different criminal justice agencies to restrain subjects, the subject will be placed in one of 3 different stabilization position to effect handcuffing depending on their threat level: • Standing • Kneeling • Prone

45. Post Handcuffing • Slide the tip of a finger partially between the restraint and the subjects wrist, to check the fit • Double lock both cuffs. If the cuff is too tight. Turn the key to release the cuff then turn back to double lock the cuff. Double locks should always be applied no matter the application • Then search the subject. Follow a systematic, consistent searching pattern

46. Removal • Subject should be controlled and stabilized prior to handcuff removal. • Last cuff applied is the first to be removed. That hand is then placed in a position of advantage. • Remove the second cuff. • Document any marks or injuries on the subject. • Check the operation of the restraints prior to recasing them.