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The Enlightenment Spreads

Section3. The Enlightenment Spreads. The Enlightenment Spreads. Spread across Europe through books, magazines and word of mouth Influenced everything from artistic world to royal courts across continent

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The Enlightenment Spreads

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  1. Section3 The Enlightenment Spreads

  2. The Enlightenment Spreads • Spread across Europe through books, magazines and word of mouth • Influenced everything from artistic world to royal courts across continent • 1700’s Paris was cultural and intellectual capital of Europe, center of Enlightenment ideas

  3. The Enlightenment Spreads Diderot's Encyclopedia • Diderot was a leading philosophe • 1751 he began to publish a set of books that contained essays and articles by leading Enlightenment thinkers • Called it the Encyclopedia • Angered the French government and the Catholic Church, said it undermined authority and encouraged a spirit of revolt • Book helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment to people all over Europe

  4. The Enlightenment Spreads • European art in 1600’s and early 1700’s was dominated by a style known a baroque (had grand, ornate, design) • Enlightenment influenced change • Simple, elegant style influence by classical Greece and Rome called neo-classical developed by late 1700’s • Simple structure and decoration reflected order and reason • Music styles changed lighter, elegant style of music developed known as classical music • Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven were classical composers

  5. The Enlightenment Spreads • Many philosophes thought the best form of government was a monarchy • They wanted rulers to respect individuals rights • Some monarchs made reforms that reflected the Enlightenment (known as enlightened despots) • They did not want to give up power, but made changes for two reasons: • To make their country stronger • An to make their own rule more effective • Best examples of enlightened despots were Fredrick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria and Catherine the Great of Russia

  6. The Enlightenment Spreads • Fredrick the Great of Prussia • Invited intellectuals to Prussia • Allowed free press, relig. toleration, reduced use of torture • Joseph II of Austria • Most radical reformer • Traveled among peasants to learn problems • Supported religious equality, freedom of the press • Diminished power of Catholic Church • Promoted education • Abolished serfdom, • Serfs had to be paid for labor • All reforms were cancelled after his death

  7. The Enlightenment Spreads • Catherine the Great of Russia • Based her reforms on the ideas of Montesquieu and Beccaria • Believed in enlightenment ideas of equality, liberty (not for all, only middle and upper classes) • Made limited reforms, but did little to improve lives of peasants • Gave nobles absolute power over the serfs • She did expand Russian power and size through wars with the Ottomans and Poles • Helped make Russia an international power

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