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Exploring Knowledge and Ways of Knowing

Discover the importance of Theory of Knowledge (TOK) and examine the ways we know and understand the world. Through real-life situations, TED Talks, and analysis of different perspectives, students will gain insight into the limitations, fallacies, and strengths of language, reason, emotion, sense perception, memory, faith, imagination, and intuition as ways of knowing. Engage in activities like optical illusions, memory exercises, and critical thinking to deepen your understanding of knowledge claims and the ways we perceive reality.

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Exploring Knowledge and Ways of Knowing

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  1. Theory of Knowledge What is it? And why do we study it? ‘The greatest obstacle to progress is not the absence of knowledge but the illusion of knowledge.’ Daniel Boorstin, 1914-2004

  2. How do you view your world? Why? How do we know what we know? Ted Talk Derek Sivers

  3. Representation is not reality

  4. Why do we study Theory of Knowledge? We are surrounded by Knowledge Claims in our daily lives.

  5. Many Knowledge Claims are misguided and some are even dangerous. Ted talk: why people believe weird things

  6. What will you do in Theory of Knowledge lessons? Look at real life situations Analyse how you know what you know Discover a range of perspectives Make links between aspects of the course and subjects you study

  7. We make sense of the world through various ‘ways of knowing’. Language Reason Emotion Sense perception Memory Faith Imagination Intuition You will analyse how you know through these Ways of Knowing in TOK classes. STUDENT TASK: optical illusions

  8. Task plenary What does the after image (girl) tell you about the limitations of sense perception as a way of knowing? How do you know which line continues the first (Poggendorf illusion)? What does the changing face illusion say about sense perception and knowledge? Can our sense fool us? How do you know you really don’t have a hole in your hand (toilet roll)? What did you see first: the girl or the man? Why? Does this have implications for sense perceptions as a way of knowing? Do we see what is there or what we want to see?

  9. The ways of knowing in theory of knowledge classes: Language: How do you know that Neil Armstrong landed on the moon in 1969? Lots of knowledge is ‘second hand’.

  10. We make links between various ways of knowing and areas of knowledge. MEMORY Can our beliefs contaminate our memory?

  11. Sense Perception: How do you know which line is longest? Colour blindness: not everyone perceives the world in the same way.

  12. Faith Does faith meet a psychological need? We make links in TOK

  13. Intuition Should you trust your intuition? We analyse strengths and weaknesses of ways of knowing.

  14. Watch out for logical fallacies! I fit into my pyjamas, my pyjamas fit into my suitcase, so why don’t I fit in my suitcase? Reason: How do we know if (wrong) reasoning leads us to reasonable knowledge claims?

  15. Imagination: Can imagination reveal truths that reality hides?

  16. Emotion: How do you know what is right or wrong? Can you feel it?

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