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History of grammar in Europe

History of grammar in Europe. Demkina Polina , Rizhova Nastya 3-rd year, 1 english. The history of Grammar can be roughly divided into: The first period (the end of the 16-th century – 1900) – prescientific grammar; The second period (20-th century). Early ( Prenormative ) Grammars.

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History of grammar in Europe

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  1. History of grammar in Europe DemkinaPolina, RizhovaNastya 3-rd year, 1 english

  2. The history of Grammar can be roughly divided into: • The first period (the end of the 16-th century – 1900) – prescientific grammar; • The second period (20-th century)

  3. Early (Prenormative) Grammars • Until the 17th century the term "grammar" in English was applied only to the study of Latin. • William Lilly (1468-1522) – the author of the most popular Latin grammars written in English.

  4. By the middle of the 18th century the main results of the descriptionof the English grammatical system were: Morphology: • declinable and indeclinable parts of speech (W. Bullokar) • words with number and words without number (Ben Jonson) • words with number and case and words without number and case (Ch. Butler)

  5. Beginning of the 18-th century - J. Brightland's grammar: Four parts of speech: • names (i. e. nouns), • qualities (i. e. adjectives), • affirmations (i. e. verbs) • particles, which included the four so called indeclinable parts of speech.

  6. Syntax: • the introduction of the notion "sentence“ • Ben Jonson – English Grammar (1640)

  7. Prescriptive Grammar • Dates back to the second half of the 18th century; • The most influential grammar –R.Lowth's “Short Introduction to English Grammar” (1762); The aim – to reduce the English language to rules and to set up a standard of correct usage

  8. ENGLISH GRAMMARS IN THE 20th CENTURY (THE SECOND PERIOD) Can ne subdivided into: • The first period (from the beginning of the 20lh century till the 1940's) – the prescriptive and the classical scientific grammar; • The second period (from the 1940's) – plus structural and transformational grammar

  9. Prescriptive Grammars in the Modern Period • J. C. Nesfield’ s grammar: • The sentence has four distinct parts: • (1 ) the Subject; • (2) Adjuncts to the Subject (Attributive Adjuncts); • (3) the Predicate; • (4) Adjuncts of the Predicate(Adverbial Adjuncts)

  10. Classical Scientific English Grammar in the Modern Period • C. T. Onions “Advanced English Syntax” (discuss the problems of the structure of English, there is a striking anticipation of thesentence patterns of descriptive linguistics)

  11. Otto Jespersen – author of scientific grammars of the classical type • His morphological system includes 5 parts of speech: • substantives, • adjectives, • verbs, • pronouns (include pronominal adverbs , and articles) • "particles" (in which he groups adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections)

  12. Structural Grammar Ch.Fries: • He classifies words into 4 "form classes", designated by numbers, and 15 groups of "function words", designated by letters.

  13. Transformational Grammar • It is organized in 3 basic parts: • 1. its syntactic component; • 2. the semantic component; • 3. the phonological component.

  14. References: • 1. www.wikipedia.org • 2. www.krugosvet.ru • 3. Blokh M.Y.. A Course in Theoretical English Grammar. M., 2005

  15. The End

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