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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Rachel Priddy & Natasha Crowder. Functions. Cells require oxygen to break down nutrients to release energy and produce ATP and must excrete the carbon dioxide that results. Obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide are the primary functions of the respiratory system. .

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System Rachel Priddy & Natasha Crowder

  2. Functions • Cells require oxygen to break down nutrients to release energy and produce ATP and must excrete the carbon dioxide that results. • Obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide are the primary functions of the respiratory system.

  3. Tubes remove or filter incoming air and transport air in and out of lungs. • Microscopic air sacks exchange gases. • Respiratory organs also: • entrap particles from incoming air • help control the temperature and water content of the air • Produce vocal sounds • participate in the sense of smell • the regulation of blood pH

  4. Respiration • Definition: the entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the cell • Consists of: • Movement of air in and out of lungs, known as breathing or ventilation • Gas exchange between the blood and the air in the lungs (external respiration) • Gas transport in blood between the lungs and body cells • Gas exchange between the blood and the cells (internal respiration • The process of oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production at the cellular level is cellular respiration.

  5. Upper Respiratory System • Nose: • two nostrils are opening through which the air can enter and leave the nasal cavity. • Many internal hairs guard the nostrils preventing entry of large particles carried in the air • Pharynx (throat): • passageway for food traveling from the oral cavity to the esophagus and for air passing between the nasal cavity and the larynx. • Helps produce the sounds of speech.

  6. Structures associated: • Middle ear and auditory tubes empty into the upper portion of the throat • Ducts from sinuses and nasolacimal ducts from the lacrimal apparatus empty into the nasal cavity

  7. Lower Respiratory System • Larynx (voice box): • enlargement in the airway at the top of the trachea and below the pharynx. • Conducts air in and out of the trachea and prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea. • Also houses the vocal cords.

  8. Trachea (windpipe): • extends down interior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity where it splits into the right and left bronchi. • Membrane filters incoming air and moves and traps particles upward into the pharynx where the mucus can be swallowed. • C-shaped rings that keep it from collapsing. Soft tissue between the rings allows the nearby esophagus to expand as food moves through it to the stomach.

  9. Bronchial tubes: • Mucus membranes filter incoming air and distribute air to the alveoli throughout the lungs

  10. Alveoli: • Microscopic air sacs which lie within capillary networks and make up lung tissue • Within them, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and blood • The lungs contain more than 300 million alveoli

  11. Pleura (pleural membrane): • Serous membrane • Attaches to each lung surface • Forms mediastinum and lines the inner wall of the thoracic cavity • The the pleural cavity lies the serous fluid which reduces friction during breathing

  12. Lungs: • The main organ of the respiratory system • Soft spongy cone shaped organs • Mediastinum separates right and left lungs • Diaphragm and thoracic cage enclose them • The right lung is larger than the left lung • Right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has 2 lobes

  13. RESOURCES • Anatomy book • Microbiology book

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