Internal Systems & Regulation

1. Internal Systems & Regulation • The human body is made up of several organ systems that work together as one unit • Your body is constantly absorbing material, getting rid of wastes and converting matter into energy • To you, breathing and eating may seem effortless, but the actual processes that are taking place in your body are extremely complex

3. Respiratory System

4. WHY DO WE NEED A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? • The air is made up of % N, % O, ____% other gases (Ar, CO2,other) • (CO2 < .03%) • Organisms require oxygen to breakdown organic compounds in a process called _______________________ (oxidation) to obtain the chemical energy . 78 21 1 cellular respiration ATP Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP)

5. Fitness can be measured by the body’s ability to provide oxygen for the tissues of the body. What sports do you believe require GREAT fitness? What sports do you believe require LESS fitness? Justify your answer.

6. RESPIRATION & BREATHING • Are all the processes involved in the exchange between __and __between the cells and the environment. • Respiration includes 3 processes: • ____________________________________________ Respiration O2 CO2 Breathing, Gas exchange, Cellular Respiration

7. Equation for respiration:  _______________  _________ O2 O2 O2 Internal Resp. Cellular Resp Inhalation External Resp. Exhalation Exchange b/w lungs & blood O2 + glucose = ATP + CO2 b/w blood & cells CO2 CO2 CO2

8. ___ _____ Is the movement of gases between the respiratory membrane of living things and their environment. • ___ Membrane where diffusion of oxygen and other gases occurs. Breathing Respiratory

9. THE CHALLENGE OF GETTING OXYGEN • As animals increase in size their of the respiratory membrane must also increase because more ____ is needed to meet their energy demands • Worms use their to breath, therefore their respiratory membrane must always be moist to allow the gases to dissolve into the water and to allow for diffusion Surface area O2 skin

10. Fish, salamanders, clams, starfish and crayfish exchange gases through their . • The folding and branching of the gills increases the surface area, and increase the efficiency of gas exchange gills

11. countercurrent • Gills also use a flow, this means that water passes over the gills in one direction and the blood flows in the opposite direction. This ensures that the oxygen rich water will always diffuse into the oxygen poor blood

12. http://greatneck.k12.ny.us/gnps/shs/dept/science/krauz/marino_bio_notes/Osteichthyes_files/image034.gifhttp://greatneck.k12.ny.us/gnps/shs/dept/science/krauz/marino_bio_notes/Osteichthyes_files/image034.gif

13. Fun Facts! • When fish are taken out of the water, they suffocate. This is not because they cannot breathe the oxygen available in the air, but because their gill arches collapse and there is not enough surface area for diffusion to take place. • There are actually some fish that can survive out of the water, such as the walking catfish (which have modified lamellae allowing them to breathe air).  • It is possible for a fish to suffocate in the water. This could happen when the oxygen in the water has been used up. • Ex. Goldfish in a bowl

14. Insects have their respiratory systems inside their body and have a system • These include branching tubes that connect cells directly to the atmosphere by openings in the exoskeleton called . • This method is okay, however it is size limiting and is the reason why insects remain small tracheal respiratory spiracles http://www.lepak.tv/index.php?page=videos&section=view&vid_id=107179

15. Homework: • Read Section 8.1 • Questions pg 255 #1-6 • WEBSITE! • http://spatriotssbi3u.wikispaces.com/