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introduction Dynamic sport …. Olympic sport ….. Since 1972 male … 1976 female Time based game … Can be played indoor, out door and beach
The objective handball is to score as many as possible by dribbling, passing and throwing the ball at goal. • One team attempts to attack the other try to block and intercept.
Conditional abilities • Maximal-dynamic force: in the fight with the opponent; • Static force: in defense situations; • Sprint endurance force: counterattack- regrouping; • Throwing endurance force: passes – goal throw; • Fight endurance force: 1 to 1 fight; • Power endurance force: defense, dribbling past the opponent, jumps; • Long-term endurance: 2 halves of 30 minutes with a 10-minute break.
Training principles Training has to be Specific to • Muscle action involved / bench press …. Shooting • Velocity of movement / load velocity • Exercise range of motion • Muscle group trained • Energy system involved …/Anaerobic, ATP – CP 40% Anaerobic, Glycolysis 40% Aerobic20% • The intensity and volume of computation. There for each movements in the training has to be sport specific
Handball is characterized by • Accelerations and decelerations, jumps and landing activities. • Physical contact is allowed within the rules of the game. • Jump shots is the most used shooting technique by handball players(More than 70% of the shots are performed while jumping). This require forceful muscle actions during the course of one game. For this reason, it is important to consider the strength requirements. Implement a successful strength training program.
male handball players has shown that players cover a mean distance of 4370 ± 702 m during a game. • Ground reaction forces measured in handball players performing one leg take off after a run-in have shown values larger than 3times the player’s body mass • the lower limbs are required to produce large contractile forces in a relatively short period of time in order to facilitate longer fly times. /explosive power/
Power out put is one of the factor which affect performance specifically those sport involve jumping and sprinting. • Maximum strength is a key factor in developing high power outputs. • Explosive exercise can develop power out put but slow exercise tend to impair power out put.
Throwing velocity and accuracy are the dominant performance indicator, • Throwing success may be determined by abilities to generate high power out put • To have good shooting power (ball velocity)rate of force development/ RFD/ has to be fast and muscle has to be activated appropriately(neuromuscular activation) • Ball velocity will be improved if the mechanics of the throw is correct For RFD, Neuromuscular activation ….. ballistic ( explosive )training is recommended /training velocity/
Strength Types of strength • Dynamic strength, • Maximum strength (the capacity to generate force within an isometric contraction), • Core strength Throwing velocity of handball players is related to maximal dynamic strength of upper limb.
Resistance exercise / weight resistance, elastic band Strength/power /hypertrophy
To maximize the benefit of resistance training • make it progressive • specific to sport/skill • vary the exercise protocol
Power training enhances the velocity of force production by improving the ability of muscles to generate a large amount of force in a short period of time. • Power can be defined as both the velocity of force production and the rate of performing work
plyometricsmethod of training that seeks to enhance the explosive reaction of the individual through powerful muscular contractions because of rapid eccentric contractions.
The maximum force that a muscle can develop is attained during a rapid eccentric contraction . When a concentric contraction occurs (muscle shortens) immediately following an eccentric contraction (muscle lengthens) then the force generated can be dramatically increased.
High intensity aerobic intermittent activity/HIIT/ • Enhance aerobic capacity and the ability to perform high- intensity activityies
Performance of handball players depends up on various causes such as the physical qualities, fitness, technique based upon the scientific principles, training program , diet and environmental diversity ( heat, cold, high, low altitude and humidity)
Handball intermittent pattern of activity, requires mainly aerobic metabolism as an energy source alternating with burst of highly intense activity that require mainly anaerobic metabolism.
During periods of intensive training, the recommended intakes for energy and macronutrients must be met, especially for carbohydrates and proteins.(maintain appropriate body mass, optimal recovery of muscle glycogen stores, and tissue construction and regeneration.) • Fatintake should be sufficient to cover the requirements for essential fatty acids.
The diet of athletes must meet the following conditions: (Zamora, Crăciun, 1999). • to cover the energy consumed by basic metabolism • the additional energy needs of growth and everyday life, • the energy required by training and competitions, • effort recovery processes, and unforeseen energy expenditure (special conditions, based on environment, illness or stress)
Studies on the anthropometric characteristic of the human body indicate that athletes who play in a specific sport differ in somatic characteristics from the general population • Several elements can influence competitive success, such as height, arm span, leg length and sitting height
In addition to technical-tactical skills and anthropometric characteristics high levels of running speed, jumping abilities, muscle strength, agility and throwing velocity are determinant factors for handball performance.
Tactic in handball • There are many definitions of tactic in terms of sports, but all definitions have it common, that tactic is the intellectual part of the game, and is based on planning. • According to one definition, tactic is „atheoretical and practical, planned activity adapted to the changing circumstances.”
Positions backcourt players: Usually tall, they are good jumperswho shoot from the backcourt directly or try to penetrate the defense. Circle runners (pivot): Screen and pick and shoot hard and fast from the six-meter line. Wing players : mostly score their goals by ‘flying’ into the circle from wing positions The goalkeepers need to be athletic, flexible, brave and have extremely quick reflexes.
When building up and applying an attack tactic one must take into account • The psychological, the physical characteristics of both teams, • The technical abilities of both teams • The tactic applied by the other team, the personality and special features of the coach of the other team. • The external environment (the place of the match, the fans etc) • All other elements that have the potential to influence the match (the style and personality of the referee, travel, time zones, weather conditions etc )
The applied defense tactic on the one hand is determined by the quality, the preparedness and the physical characteristic of the defense players alongside with the performance of the goal keeper. • a successful defense tactic must take into account and strongly depends on the technical, tactical and physical characteristics of the team in attack
Attacking • Scoring More Goals • The Game Consists Of Different Game Situations (Position Play, Changing Position/Crossing, Mixed Play.). • Mobile , static and combined systems may be used in game when do we use each
Defensive system • Stop/block the ball from and disturbing the coordination of the offensive team • Zone, man-to-man, and combination of the two • Zone defensive system has different type 6-0,5-1,4-2,3-2-1 • Combined 1+5,5+1, 2+4,4+2
The attack tactic can be divided into individual, group and team attack tactic. Assignment -1 1. Individual, group and team attack tactic in handball. The defensivetactic can be divided into individual, group and team defensive tactic. Assignment- 2 2. Individual, group and team defensive tactic in handball. Assignment- 3 3. Training load monitoring methods.
