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Interior verus Coast Salish basketry

Interior verus Coast Salish basketry. People of the Northwest Coast. People of the Northwest Coast included a number of groups such as the Haida , Tlingit, Nishga , Kwakiutl, Tslmshian , and Coast Salish

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Interior verus Coast Salish basketry

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  1. Interior verus Coast Salish basketry

  2. People of the Northwest Coast • People of the Northwest Coast included a number of groups such as the Haida, Tlingit, Nishga, Kwakiutl, Tslmshian, and Coast Salish • As coastal people, they relied on natural resources such as cedar trees and fish for food, clothing, shelter, tools, and transportation.

  3. Shelter, clothing, food, tools/weapons, and transportation for Coastal peoples • The Northwest Coast people lived in big houses made of cedar logs and planks • Cedar trees were also made into canoes, some longer than 20 meters, which were built to endure journeys of hundreds of kilometers or for whale hunting.

  4. Although the Northwest Coast people were not farmers, they had a very complex society. Food was plentiful. Instead of farming, they would move around to various sites for different food sources, depending on the time of year: seasonal rounds.

  5. The year went like this… • Winter • Living in permanent villages • Little hunting and gathering taking place • People spend time repairing tools and making necessities • Time for elders to pass down stories to younger generations • Spring • Food supplies were low • Villages slowly break up as families and houses begin to collect what food is available. • Mostly a collection of sea creatures: clams, oysters, mussels, and shellfish

  6. Summer • People establish camps throughout the region. Food such as salmon, birds, plants and berries, and shellfish are collected. • Examples of where these villages were: • Stanley Park • English Bay • Lulu Island • Autumn • Late summer/early fall the salmon run occurs up the Fraser River • People move up river to catch the salmon, which was then dried to last throughout the winter.

  7. Social Organization of Northwest Coast Peoples • Rank and privilege were very important. • Chiefs and nobles in each village controlled access to resource sites • Groups (clans) shared a name and descent from an ancestor • A clan held territory and “owned” certain rituals, dances, songs, and crests. • Some people had little status in the village • Some people were slaves – purchased or captured in raids against other nations.

  8. Ceremonies of the Northwest Coast Peoples • These people are known for their beautiful totem poles. These were carved from cedar and depict a family history using crests and designed owned by an individual family • What does it take as a culture to create such amazing pieces of art? • What might your totem look like?

  9. Some coastal animals on totems • BEAVER Creative, Artistic and Determined • BEAR Strength, Learned Humility, Motherhood, Teaching • BUMBLEBEEHonesty, Pure Thinking - Willingness and Drive • COPPERWealth and Prestige • DOGFISH Persistence and Strength - A Born Leader • DOVELove, Gentleness and Kindness • DRAGON FLY Ever-changing Life • EAGLEGreat Strength, Leadership and Prestige • EAGLE FEATHER Good Luck to Both Giver and Receiver • FROGSpring & New Life - Communicator, Stability • HALIBUT Life protector, Strength and Stability • HAWK Strength Far Sighted • HERONPatience, Graceful and Easy Going • HUMMINGBIRDLove, Beauty, Intelligence, Spirit Messenger • KILLER WHALETraveler & Guardian - Symbol of Good • KINGFISHER Luck, Patience, Speed and Agility • LOON Peace, Tranquility - Generous Giving Nature • MOON Protector and Guardian of the Earth by Night • OTTER Trusting, Inquisitive and Bright - Loyal Friendship • OWLWisdom • RAVENCreation & Knowledge - Bringer of the Light • SALMONDependability and Renewal - A Provider • SEALBright, Inquisitive, Organized • SUN Healing Energy, Guardian of the Earth by Day • THUNDERBIRDPowerful & Mystical - A LeaderWOLFIntelligence & Leadership - Strong Sense of Family

  10. Stanley Park Totems HaidaGwaii Totems

  11. The Potlatch • The Potlatch and ritual dancing were part of the Northwestern Coastal people’s traditions. • The word comes from the Chinook dialect, meaning "to give away" or "a gift". • The Potlatch was a ceremony where gifts were given as payments to those who witness a ceremony, such as a wedding. They were also used to redistribute wealth and demonstrate reciprocity of wealth. • Within the potlatch, hierarchical relations within and between clans, villages, and nations, are observed and reinforced through the distribution or sometimes destruction of wealth, dance performances, and other ceremonies. • The status of any given family is raised not by who has the most resources, but by who distributes the most resources. The hosts demonstrate their wealth and prominence through giving away goods.

  12. What reasons might the Canadian government have had for banning Potlatches?

  13. Class and Homework • Complete the chart on the various First Nations groups • Make sure that your Ethnography is complete. • Next class is presentations and beginning review for the test.

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