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Introduction to Classification and Taxonomy

Learn about the 3 domains, prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells, and unicellular vs. multicellular organisms in biology. Understand the 8 major taxonomic levels and how organisms are grouped together.

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Introduction to Classification and Taxonomy

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  1. Introduction to Classification and TaxonomyThe 3 DomainsProkaryotic vs. Eukaryotic CellsUnicellular vs. Multicellular Organisms

  2. Biology is the study of living things. There are uncountable billions of living creatures on Earth and the first thing you need to learn is how they’re all grouped together. • They are put into 8 general groups based on similar characteristics. • Each “group” is called a taxon and the study of how organisms are grouped together is called taxonomy.

  3. The 8 major taxa are, from largest to smallest… Learn this saying to help you remember the order of the taxa: Dear King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  4. You will occasionally read about other taxa described like subphylum or subspecies; you’re about to see an example of this. You don’t need to worry about those taxa; they are beyond the scope of this class. • Recognize what they are but that’s the extent of your responsibility. • You are only responsible for learning the 8 main levels.

  5. Organisms are given scientific names that are a combination of the genus name and species name, written in italics. • For example, consider 3 common types of bears: the brown bear, the grizzly bear and the polar bear. • They all belong to the same genus: Ursus, which is Latin for “bear” but they are different species.

  6. Brown bear Grizzly bear • Common Name Scientific Name • ________________________ ---Ursus arctos • ________________________----Ursus arctos horribilis • ________________________----Ursus maritimus Polar bear

  7. Make an Inference….Which two species of bears, out of the three described above, are more closely related? Use the information in the table as your evidence. • Answer: the brown bear and the grizzly bear are more closely related to each other than they are to polar bears. All 3 bears belong to the same genus (Ursus) but brown bears and grizzly bears ALSO belong to the same species (arctos), indicating a closer genetic and familial relationship.

  8. Let’s look at each taxon more closely… • ①Domain---this is the largest taxonomic rank. Organisms in the same domain generally only have 2 things in common….the TYPE of cell that makes them up and the NUMBER of cells that make them up. • There are 2 cell types: prokaryotic cells OR eukaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes and they don’t have a nucleus or major, membrane-bound organelles. • Eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes and they do have a nucleus and major, membrane-bound organelles.

  9. There are 2 types of cell number, too: Unicellular OR multicellular. • A unicellular organism is made of only one cell. The entire organism is that one cell. • A multicellular organism is made of many cells, working together to make up an organism.

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