How to be True to Yourself

1. Unit 11 Text 1 How to be True to Yourself

2. Teaching Objectives • Practice reading a deductive exposition; • Learn about the functions and formation of imperative sentences ; • Discuss the importance of integrity; • Learn to pronounce with correct pronunciation, stress and liaison ; • Learn to write an exposition.

3. Before Reading • Global Reading • Detailed Reading • After Reading

4. Before Reading Background Information Ogilvy & Mather Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide is the agency created by British-born advertising legend David Ogilvy in 1948, virtually from scratch. It now has 35 US offices and a further 359 worldwide in over 90 countries.

5. David Ogilvy is a bright star in the advertising solar system, well known to advertising scholars and practitioners alike. His advertising career started quite late in life, at an age when most men had already settled into careers.

6. Ogilvy led a storied life before his turn to advertising. Before advertising took its hold on him, British-born Ogilvy was expelled from Oxford ("for his indifference"), worked as a social worker in Edinburgh, became a chef's apprentice in Paris and sold Aga ovens door to door in England.

7. Before Reading Warm-up Questions: • In your opinion, what kind of qualities constitute integrity? • Illustrate your opinion on the status of the integrity in our current society. • Is there any difference between western culture and Chinese culture in terms of integrity?

8. Global Reading Is this a piece of narration, description, exposition or argumentation? How many parts can this text be divided into? How does the author present his opinions, in a deductive method or an inductive method? Structural Analysis

9. Detailed Reading • Paragraph 1-2 • Paragraphs 3-8 • Paragraphs 9-11 • Paragraphs 12-14 • Paragraphs 15

10. Paragraph 1-2 Question: What is the implication of the simple motto on the living-room wall of the author’s grandparents?

11. Paragraph 1 Language work My grandparents believed you were either honest or you weren't. There was no in-between. They had a simple mottohanging on their living-room wall: "Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will show." They didn't have to talk about it - they demonstrated the motto by the way they lived.

12. Paragraph 2 They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediencyand that is not relative to the situation at hand. Integrity is an inner standard for judging your behavior. Unfortunately, integrity is in short supply today - and getting scarcer. But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. And it is something we must demand of ourselves. But integrity is really what counts in every part or division of society. / But it is the real basic quality in every section of society. …ethics that one does not betray for the purpose of gaining advantages or personal benefits…

13. Paragraphs 3-8 Question: • What is the author’s purpose in telling the story of the surgery?

14. Paragraph 3 Language work A good test for this value is to look at what I call the Integrity Triad, which consists of three key principles: This is used by the writer as a good standard for testing one’s integrity. According to the writer, the Integrity Triad consists of three key principles, which are made known in the text. triad: a group of three closely related people or things

15. Paragraph 4 Stand firmly for your convictionsin the face of personal pressure. There's a story told about a surgical nurse's first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible forensuring that all instruments and materials were accounted for during an abdominal operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, "you've only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one." Firmly adhere to your sincere beliefs even when you are faced with very forceful influence or very strong persuasion.

16. Paragraph 5-6 [5] "I removed them all," the doctor declared. "we'll close now. “ [6] "You can't do that, sir," objected the rookie nurse. "Think of the patient. "

17. Paragraph 7-8 [7] Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the 12th sponge. "You'll do just fine in this or any other hospital," he told her. [8] When you know you're right, you can't back down. When you know you are doing the right thing, you can’t give up your effort halfway under external pressure.

18. Paragraphs 9-11 Question: What did David Ogilvy mean by sending each of his office heads a Russian nesting doll?

19. Paragraph 9-10 Language work [9] Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don't be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. [10] David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, made this point clear to his newly appointed office heads by sending each a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside. Always be ready and willing to give approval or praise to other people who deserve it. a Russian doll in which are fitted five figures, each of which is smaller than the previous one

20. Paragraph 11 [11] His message was contained in the smallest doll: "If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants." And that is precisely what the company became - one of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in the world.

21. Paragraphs 12-14 Question: • What does the author mean by “be yourself”?

22. Paragraph 12 Be yourself and prove yourself to be trustworthy, without hiding or covering up any unpleasing areas in your life. Language work Be honest and open about what you really are. People who lack genuine corevaluesrely on external factors - their looks or status - in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this facade, but they will do very little to develop their inner value and personal growth. people who are without or who do not have enough truly fundamental values

23. Paragraph 13-14 [13] So be yourself. Don't engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life. When it's tough, do it tough. In other words, face reality and be adult in your responses to life's challenges. [14] Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. …answer or respond to life’s challenges in a way suitable for or typical of a grown-up. for improving and developing your relationships with others

24. Paragraphs 15 Question: • What are the components of integrity?

25. Paragraph 15 Language work Integrity means you do what you do because it's right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the 21st century without having to check your tacks in a rearview mirror. My grandparents taught me that. no need to look back and examine the footmarks we have left behind. A metaphor is involved here. Metaphorically, the phrase means that it is unnecessary to recall and examine our activities or what we have done in the past so as to find out whether what we have done is right or not. not yielding to lure of the use of methods that bring the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerations. Will always be successful; will invariably gain victories To After Reading

26. motto • a short sentence or a few words taken as the guiding principle of a person, of a school, of an organization, etc.: • “Waste not, want not” was my mother’s motto. • The motto of the university is “Freedom of thought and coexistence of different doctrines.”

27. hang • fix sth. at the top so that the lower part is free • Hang your coat (up) on the hook. • They hung several oil paintings in their sitting room. • cause to die, esp. as punishment for a crime by dropping with a rope around the criminal’s neck. • The murderer was sentenced to be hanged. • He hanged himself in a fit or remorse. • get/have/see the hang of • I finally got the hang of driving a tractor. • hang back • She hung back from answering those questions. • hang between life and death/hang by a thread

28. demonstrate • prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning or providing examples • Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed. • show or describe clearly • The first-aid instructor demonstrated the correct way to bandage a wound. • to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about sth. • They called on their members to demonstrate against the brutality of the police.

29. instinctively • in a way resulting from instinct, without having to think about it: • Instinctively, I knew that she was ill. • He ducked instinctively as the bullet whistled past his head.

30. integrity • strength and firmness of character or principle; honesty or trustworthiness: • He is respected and admired as a man of the greatest integrity. • commercial integrity • moral integrity • political integritya state of being whole and undivided; completeness: • Our integrity as a nation is threatened by the separatist forces at home and foreign intervention.. • defend/regain/threaten the integrity of… • adopt sth. In its integrity

31. morality • rightness or honesty of behavior, of an action, etc.: • One sometimes wonders if there is any morality in politics. • Many people have questioned the morality of that politician’s actions.

32. ethics • the science that deals with morals: • He decided to study ethics as his second major. • moral rules or principles of behavior governing a person of group: • Whether a country should have nuclear weapons or not should be a question of ethics, not of politics. • compare ethic, ethics and morality • morality: [U] beliefs or ideas about what is right and wrong and about how people should behave. • ethic: [C] a general idea or belief that influences people’s behavior and attitudes. • ethics: [pl.] moral rules or principles of behavior for deciding what is right and wrong.

33. sell out • sell all of what was for sale: • All the tickets for the match were completely sold out. • be disloyal or unfaithful to one’s principles or friends, esp. for money: • He was a good writer, but he sold out and now just writes for money.

34. expediency • also spelt expedience; being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp. one’s own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally correct: • The government will not condemn its allies for torturing prisoners. It is a question of expediency. • act from expediency, not from principle • expedient [n.] • adopt the expedient of … • exhaust every expedient for meeting an emergency • try various expedients

35. at hand • near in time or place: • Our National Day is at hand. • He lives close at hand. • When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary close at hand. • The autumn harvest is at hand. • keep sth. at hand

36. inner • on the inside or close to the middle: • The inner wrapping of the commodity is also pleasant to look at. • close to the centre of control: • The Prime Minister often turns to the inner circle of the Cabinet for advice. • of the mind or spirit • His material life is very good, but his inner life is very poor. • inner Mongolia • one’s inner feelings

37. scarce • not much or many compared with what is wanted; hard to find: • Good fruit is scarce in winter and very expensive. • Now good comedians are as scarce as hen’s teeth. • of the mind or spirit • His material life is very good, but his inner life is very poor. • increasingly scarce • scarcity [n.] • relieve the scarcity of …

38. the bottom line • the amount of money shown as profit or loss at the bottom of a set of accounts: • You have invested millions of dollars in the business and you come out with nothing on the bottom line. • the basic content, meaning, or situation • The bottom line in the debate is the increasing number of motorcycle accidents and fatalities. • out come; the most important result in the end • If we make all the changes I am proposing, the line is that the company will save $50,000.

39. demand • ask firmly and not be willing to accept a refusal; to claim as if by right: • The opponent has demanded that all the facts be made public. • need or require in order to be successful • Work of this nature demands personal sacrifices of those who embark on it. • on demand • This ticked is payable on demand. • Passengers must show their tickets on demand. • VOD (video on demand)

40. consists of • be made up of, be composed of: • The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland • The United States consists of as many as fifty states.

41. principle • a truth or belief that is accepted as a base for reasoning or action: • One of the principle of this dictionary is that definitions should be in simple language. • They agreed to the plan in principle. • A moral rule or set of ideas which guides one’s behavior: • I usually follow the principle that it is better not to get involved in other people’s quarrels.

42. stand for • be a sign or short form of; represent; mean: • Our Party stands for the interests of the broad masses of the people. • WTO stands for World Trade Organization. • (in questions and negatives) allow to continue; accept without complaining: • I wouldn’t stand for that sort of treatment if I were you. • have as a set of aims or principles; support: • Even today those people still stand for serfdom in Tibet.

43. conviction • a very firm and sincere belief: • She is a woman of strong convictions. • She has a firm conviction that she is always right. • innermost conviction • from/under a conviction that … • a profound/solid conviction • previous conviction

44. in the face of • in spite of; against: • In the face of difficulties and hardships, she managed to keep her sense or humor. • In the face of death, he remained calm and cool, showing no sign of fear.

45. pressure • the strength of putting force or weight onto sth.: • Low atmospheric pressure often brings rain. • forceful influence; strong persuasion: • He only agreed to do it under pressure from his parents. • conditions in one’s work, one’s style of living, etc. that cause anxiety and difficulty: • He works best under pressure.

46. surgical • of or used for surgery: • That surgeon is skillful in using his surgical scalpel when he operates on patients. • surgeon: a doctor whose job is to perform medical operations • Highly skilled surgeons enjoy a high social position and have a handsome income.

47. responsible for • having the duty of looking after sb. or sth., so that one can blamed if things go wrong: • The surgical nurse is highly responsible for her work. • The teacher made me responsible for keeping the class in order while she was away.

48. ensure • make sth. certain to happen: • There is a change in the law that ensures fair treatment for people of all races. • compare ensure, insure, assure and secure: • ensure: implies a virtual guarantee • The government has ensured the safety of the foreign minister. • insure: sometimes stresses the taking of necessary measures beforehand to make a result certain or provide for any probable contingency • Careful planning should insure the success of the party. • assure: distinctly implies the removal of doubt, worry, or uncertainty from the mind • I assure you that no one will be harmed. • secure: implies the taking of action to ensure safety, protection, or certainty against adverse contingencies • They secure their cooperation by payment of a large fee.

49. account for • give or be a satisfactory explanation for: • How do you account for losing five games in a row. • be the cause or origin of • North sea oil accounts for a high proportion of our export earning.

50. abdominal • of a main part of the front of the body in animals, between the chest and legs, containing the stomach, bowels, etc. of the belly: • That middle-aged man received an abdominal operation, which lasted two hours. • He went to play basketball soon after lunch and began to suffer sharp abdominal pains while playing the match. • abdomen [n.]