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I. The Catholic Church in the Early Middle Ages A. The Early Medieval Papacy, 500–1000

I. The Catholic Church in the Early Middle Ages II. The Merovingians and Carolingians III. New Patterns IV. The Revival of Trade and Towns V. The Catholic Church in the High Middle Ages: 1000–1348 VI. The Crusades VII. The Development of Western European States: 1000–1348

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I. The Catholic Church in the Early Middle Ages A. The Early Medieval Papacy, 500–1000

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  1. I. The Catholic Church in the Early Middle AgesII. The Merovingians and CarolingiansIII. New Patterns IV. The Revival of Trade and TownsV. The Catholic Church in the High Middle Ages: 1000–1348VI. The CrusadesVII. The Development of Western European States: 1000–1348 VIII. Byzantium in Its Golden Age and Decline IX. Russia and the Nations of Southeastern Europe

  2. I. The Catholic Church in the Early Middle Ages • A. The Early Medieval Papacy, 500–1000 • Gregory I, the Great(590–604) • temporal power • B. Missionary Activities of the Church • Ulfilas(c. 311–383) • Arian • converts Visigoths • Gothic Bible • Ireland • > Scotland, England, Francia, Italy • C. The Preservation of Knowledge • Latin corpus • Boethius (c. 480–525) • Plato, Aristotle into Latin • Cassiodorus (c. 490–c. 585) • scriptoria • Book of Kells • Venerable Bede, 8th century • Ecclesiastical History of the English People • Northumbria

  3. B. The Decline of the Merovingians, Rise of the Carolingians • Merovingians weak by 600 • Mayors of the Palace • Charles Martel “the Hammer” • Poitiers(Tours), 732 • distributes land • Pepin the Short(741–768) • usurps throne, 751 • anointed by Pope, 754 • “Donation of Pepin” • > Papal States • II. The Merovingians and Carolingians • A. The Franks under Clovis (d. 511) • Germanic/Roman • into Empire by 400 • Gaul by 481 • Merovingian dynasty • Clovis • conversion • > Papal alliance • Invasions • Slavs • Muslim Arabs

  4. D. Charlemagne’s Legacy • stabilization • preservation of Latin • new centers • Louis the Pious (814–840) • Sons: Charles the Bald, Louis the German, Lothair • > 843, Treaty of Verdun, new Europe • II. The Merovingians and Carolingians • C. Charlemagne (768–814) • “Carolingian Renaissance” • Conquest • Spanish March • defeats Muslims • Bavarians, Saxons defeated • Avars > East March (Ostmarch) • Lombards • Alliance with Papacy deepened • Christmas Day, 800 crowned Emperor • Aachen—capital • New Organization • counties (c. 300) • Count(graf) • marches • margraves (markgraf) • dukes (7) • military officials • Missi dominici • “lord’s envoys”

  5. II. The Merovingians and CarolingiansE. Europe Under Attack • Magyars • Muslim adventurers • Vikings • Greenland North America • Russia • Europe

  6. III. New Patterns • Introduction: Conception of Society • “those who fight, those who work, • those who pray” • Nobles: primarily fighters • Clergy • Peasantry: freemen, serfs • A. Political: The Castle • new relationship • contract—mutual obligation • service for gifts • Chivalry, by 1200 • warfare • support of church • honor women • Noble life • Castles • Hunting, jousting, tournaments • Falconry • Indoor games: backgammon, dice, chess • Troubadours

  7. III. New Patterns • B. Economic: The Manor • Manorialism • 12–50 families, 350–5,000 acres • Demesne • lord’s land • Three-field system • Administration • Steward • Bailiff • cultivation • supervises peasants • Reeve • village headman • Peasants • freemen, serfs

  8. IV. The Revival of Trade and Towns • A. Factors • B. Markets and Fairs • Champagne • C. Guilds • Merchant • wealthy control towns • Craft • apprentices, journeymen, masters • Women

  9. V. The Catholic Church in the High Middle Ages: 1000–1348 • A. Monastic Reform • Benedictines • Cluny • founded 910 • Gregory VII (1073–1085) • reforms • Investiture controversy • Gregory v. Emperor Henry IV • Bernard of Clairvaux (1091–1153) • B. Innocent III (1198–1216) • Canon lawyer • 1215—Fourth Lateran Council • C. Heresy • 1233—Inquisition • D. Mendicant Ordes • Francis of Assisi (1182–1226) • Franciscans • poverty, preaching • Dominic de Guzman (1170–1221) • E. Education and the Universities • Cathedral schools • Universities • Oxford, Paris, Bologna • Scholasticism • dialectic • St. Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274) • Summa Theologica • Women • Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179)

  10. VI. The Crusades • Pilgrims to Jerusalem • Seljuk Turks • 1095—Urban II • proclaims First Crusade • A. The Expeditions • First, 1096 • led by nobles • overland • Alexius Comnenus • Byzantine Emperor • unprepared • successful

  11. VI. The Crusades • (A. Expeditions) • Third, 1189 • Salah-al-Din • takes Jerusalem • Frederick Barbarossa • Richard the Lion-Hearted • Philip Augustus • Fourth, 1202–1204 • Innocent III • Sack of Constantinople • Children’s Crusade, 1212 • Seventh • 1291—Acre taken by Muslims • end of Crusades

  12. VI. The Crusades • B. Crusader States • Kingdom of Jerusalem • Templars • Knights of the Temple • Hospitalers • Knights of St. Jean of Jerusalem • Teutonic Knights • German • C. Significance?

  13. VII. The Development of Western European States: 1000–1348 • A. Capetian France • Hugh Capet (987–996) • Île-de-France • Philip II Augustus (1180–1223) • Louis IX (1226–1270) • Philip IV (1285–1314) • height of Capetian power • conflict with Boniface VIII

  14. VII. The Development of European States • B. England to 1348 • Canute (1016–1035), Danish • William, Duke of Normandy • Conquest, 1066 > King of England (1066–1087) • Henry II (1154–1189) • marries Eleanor of Aquitaine • “Angevin Empire”: Britain, Aquitaine, Ireland • Thomas à Becket • Richard the Lion-Hearted (1189–1199) • John (1199–1216) • loses French lands to Philip II • 1215, Magna Carta • Parliament • from parler • 1265, enlarged • Edward I (1272–1307) • Model Parliament, 1295 • 1300s—Commons meet

  15. VII. The Development of European States • C. Spain to 1348 • Reconquista • from ninth century • 1492—Granada falls

  16. VII. The Development of European States • D. Germany and Italy • Saxons—Otto the Great (936–973) • Duke of Saxony • stops Magyars • > Emperor, 962 • alliance with popes

  17. VII. The Development of European States • (D. Germany and Italy) • Salian Dynasty (1024–1125) • Henry IV (1056–1106) • conflict with Gregory VII • > 1077, Canossa Hohenstaufen Dynasty • Frederick I (1152–1190) • v. Lombard League • Frederic II (1212–1250)

  18. VIII. Byzantium in Its Golden Age and Decline • A. Orthodox Missionary Activities • Bulgarians, Slavs—860s • Bulgaria • Khan Boris • plays Rome against Constantinople • Cyril and Methodius • from Thessalonica • to Moravia, King Rastislav • B. Byzantine Complacency • Macedonian dynasty, 867–1056 • preservers • e.g., Justinian Code • reformed under Basil I and Leo VI (867–912)

  19. VIII. Byzantium in Its Golden Age and Decline • C. The Seljuk Advance • Turks • Alp Arslan • 1071, victory at Manzikert • D. The Great Schism and Impact of the Crusades • Pope Leo IX Patriarch Michael Cerularius • 1081, Comnenians • Alexius Comnenus (r. 1081–1118) • Anna Comnena, The Alexiad • Fourth Crusade • Venice

  20. IX. Russia and the Nations of Southeastern Europe| • A. The Russian Land • Volkhov, Dnieper • B. Kiev Rus’ and Vladimir • Lake Ilmen • Varangians • Oleg (c. 882–913) • Sviatoslav (r. 964–972) • Patzinaks • Vladimir (980–1015) • Orthodoxy • Support of Basil • Yaroslav the Wise (r. 1019–1054) • Vladimir Monomakh (r. 1113–1125)

  21. IX. Russia and the Nations of Southeastern Europe • C. Novgorod, Moscow, and the Mongols • Mongols • Alexander Nevsky • Prince of Novgorod • Works with Mongols • Veche • 1478, Moscow takes over Novgorod • D. Bulgaria • Finno-Tatars • Khan Krum • Khan Boris • Adopts Orthodoxy • First Bulgarian Empire • Symeon (r. 893–927) • Byzantine conquest, 1014 • 1185, Second Bulgarian Empire

  22. IX. Russia and the Nations of Southeastern Europe • E. Serbia • Adopt Orthodoxy • Slovenes, Croats become Catholic • By 1180s • Unification under Stephen Nemanja • Stephen Nemanja II (r. 1196–1228) • Stephen Dushan (r. 1308–1355) • Height of Serbian power • 1389, Battle of Kosovo • defeated by Murad F. Romania • Dacians Rule by Rome, 100–c. 275 C.E. • Moldavia, Wallachia • G. Albania • Under Rome, Illyria • Retained language

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