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Drug Abuse

Drug Abuse. Drug Abuse Effects & Symptoms. Short and Long Term Effects & Withdrawal Symptoms. What is a 'Drug' ?.

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Drug Abuse

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  1. Drug Abuse

  2. Drug AbuseEffects &Symptoms Short and Long Term Effects & Withdrawal Symptoms

  3. What is a 'Drug' ? A pharmaceutical preparation or a naturally occurring substance used primarily to bring about any change in the existing process or state (physiological, psychological or biochemical ) is called a ‘drug’.

  4. USE vs. ABUSE USE: Intake of drugs to :- • Treat an Illness • Prevent a Disease • Improve Health Condition ABUSE: Intake of drugs, for reasons other than medical, in such a manner that the drugs affects the physical or mental functioning of the person.

  5. DrugsKill ! Stay away from them !

  6. Classification of Addictive Drugs • Narcotic Analgesics • Cannabis • Stimulants • Depressants • Hallucinogens • Volatile Solvents • Other Drugs of Abuse Classification

  7. NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

  8. Modes of Intake

  9. LONG - TERM EFFECTS • Mood Instability • Reduced Libido • Constipation • Respiratory Impairments • Physical Deterioration • In female abusers, menstrual irregularity and fetal addiction / abnormality. • Infections like serum hepatitis and HIV can occur among IV users.

  10. WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS Tolerance and Psychological Dependence Develop • Feeling Of Unpleasantness • Severe Pain • Diarrhea • Dilation of Pupils • Insomnia • Hallucinations

  11. STIMULANTS Drugs which Excite or Speed up the Central Nervous System : • Amphetamines • Cocaine

  12. DEPRESSANTS Drugs which Depress or Slow Down the Functions of the Central Nervous System : • Sedative - Hypnotics • Barbiturates • Benzodiazepines • Alcohol

  13. DEPRESSANTS : Long Term Effect Long-term Effects of Depressants: • Depression • Chronic Fatigue • Respiratory Impairments • Impaired Sexual Function • Decreased Attention Span • Poor Memory and Judgement • Chronic Sleep Problems

  14. HALLUCINOGENS Hallucinogens are drugs which affect Perception, Emotions and Mental Processes. • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) • Phencyclidine (PCP) • Mescaline • Psilocybin

  15. CANNABIS Cannabis includes : • Ganja / Marijuana • Hashish / Charas • Hashish Oil • Bhang. The most common mode of intake is Smoking .

  16. CANNABIS : Long-term Effects • Decreased Cognitive Ability • Amotivational Syndrome • Respiratory Problems • Sterility/Impotence • Psychosis • In women abusers, Fetal damage can occur

  17. WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS Tolerance and Psychological Dependence Develop • Sleep Disturbances • Loss of Appetite, Irritability • Depression or psychotic symptoms may become prominent • Tremors

  18. OTHER DRUGS OF ABUSE • Muscle Relaxants • Analgesics • Anti-Histamines • Anti-Emetics • Anti-Depressants / Anti-Psychotics

  19. EFFECTS A few examples of possible effects of Drugs !

  20. DAMAGE DUE TO ADDICTION • Physical Deterioration • Psychiatric Problems • Safety Risks (Accidents and highly Risky Behaviour) • Intellectual Impairment • Personality Deterioration • Legal Risks

  21. Drug Addiction both did the same to me ! • Tolerance • Psychological Dependence • Physical Dependence • Withdrawal Symptoms are these ... chains or drugs ?

  22. Impact onFamily How the drugs impact or affect the family ? Featuring a discussion on The Altered Family Dynamics

  23. Happy Family Portrait by – Rani veera papa maa daadi ma and me baba

  24. ALTERED FAMILY DYNAMICS ies Koqy dy pu`qr ny myrI boql nwlI’c roHV qI ! • Suffers as financial resources are diverted for alcohol / drugs • Loses self esteem due to growing criticism and provocations • Isolates from external contacts to protect itself from further embarrassment

  25. Enabling Behaviour In their attempts to eliminate the problem, the family unknowingly enables the addict to continue with his inappropriate behaviour. ieh dwrU nhIN, swfy cwcw jI dI dvweI hY !

  26. Enabling Behaviour : few examples • Justifying addict’s use of drugs / alcohol. • Calling the employer and making excuses on addict’s behalf to explain his irresponsible behaviour. • Paying Debts Incurred by the addict. mW dI AwKrI inSwnI vI geI !

  27. CO-DEPENDENCY TRAITS • Loss of Daily Structure • Lack of Personal Care • Indifference to Health Problems • Loss of Priorities in Life

  28. ... co-dependency traits • Inability to Maintain Interpersonal Relationships • Inability to Set and Maintain Limits • Inability to Make Decisions • Defensiveness

  29. Feelings Experienced by the Family Repeated problems and failures lead to : • Shame and Loneliness • Hopelessness • Fear • Hurt • Grief • Anger • Guilt

  30. Impact onChildren How the parent’s addiction affects the children ?

  31. IMPACT ON CHILDREN • Problems Faced by Children • The Self-imposed Commands (the Self-protection Roles) • Guidelines to Parents

  32. (a) Problems Faced by Children • Lack of Care and Warmth • Lack of a Role Model • Loss of Self - Esteem • Difficulty with Intimate Relationships • Living in Constant Fear and Anxiety

  33. (b) The Self-imposed Commands Three Painful, Self - Imposed Commands Don't Talk Don't Trust Don't Feel

  34. ADJUSTING CHILD ... the lost child • Very Timid • Indulges in Solitary Activities • ‘Invisible’ and Withdrawn • Gets Sick too often (stress related illnesses) Characteristics

  35. PLACATING CHILD ... the mascot • Provides Humour / Fun to Reduce Tension in the Family • Fear of Not Belonging • Fear of Breaking Down Has Not Learnt :- • to take Care of his Emotions • to express his Needs Characteristics

  36. REBELLIOUS CHILD ... the scapegoat • Defiant • Acts Out • Low Achiever • Throws ‘Tantrums’ Characteristics

  37. (c) What Parents can do for the Child • Bitter are the Tears of your child Soothen them. • Ruffled are the Thoughts of your child Quieten them. • Heavy is the Grief of your child Lighten it. • Soft is the Heart of your child Embrace it.

  38. Identifying the Child of an Addict • Poor attendance without any valid reason • Drop in school grades • Pre-occupation in class, sleepy unable to concentrate • Friendlessness and isolation or being withdrawn

  39. … identifying the child of an addict • Sudden temper and other emotional outbursts • Extreme fear about situations involving contact with parents • Presence of bruises quite often on the child’s body • Agitation, rebelliousness

  40. … identifying the child of an addict • Inability to pay school fees on time despite father holding a job • Unable to comply with school regulations such as bringing in permission slips, materials for project • Nobody present during the parent– teacher meeting

  41. DO’s &DONT’s What the family members should :- Avoid Doing ! Need to Do !

  42. Avoid Doing This ! • Hiding or throwing away alcohol / drugs. • Arguing when he is under the influence. • Asking reasons for alcohol / drug use. • Lecturing or making Emotional Appeals. • (Sticks) - Punishing, Threatening • (Carrots) - Bribing In the long run, none of these methods work.

  43. What Family Need to Do ! • To accept that addiction is a serious problem which requires professional help • To calmly discuss addiction and related problems openly

  44. … need to do ! • To stop protecting by covering up the consequences of drug / alcohol use. • Don’t feel or give the impression that the addict is doing a favour by not ‘using’

  45. … need to do ! • Start communicating openly to the other family members about their concerns • To plan one day at a time and start executing them

  46. … need to do ! • Let him start looking after their own needs and the needs of other family members • Let him understand that he is not alone and that all our help is available

  47. … need to do ! • Try To identify healthy leisure activities

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