Technical Aspects of Carbon Footprinting for Organisations and Products

1. Technical Aspects of Carbon Footprinting for Organisations and Products DFGE • Institute for Energy - Ecology - Economy Kreitstr. 5 • 86926 GreifenbergTel.: 08192 / 99 7 33 - 20 Fax: 08192 / 99 7 33 - 29 www.dfge.de

2. Content • Vision • Scientific Background • Carbon Footprinting • Methodology • Normative Basics

3. DFG-Energy Energy & Emissions Technology Assessent Validated Carbon Calculation Life Cycle Anaylsis Consulting/Training Strategy Consulting

4. 1993 14 Years of Experience 2007 • Forum „Voluntary Climate Protection“ • With University of Appl. Sciences in Munich, several student research projects • Conference „Value of the mobility“ • With the Association of German Engineers (VDI) and University of Applied Sciences in Munich (ISSN 1863-0553), • Competence Center „Energy and Emissions“ • The sixth framework program of the European Union • ACCEPT: Ammonia Cracking for Clean Electric Power Technology • German ‚Verbundforschungsvorhaben‘ • Life cycle analysis of different fibre reinforced materials in manufacture, usage and recycling (togehter with TU München, TU Braunschweig, Audi) • Application and enhancement for evaluation • Holistic comparison of different energy storage systems and their application in the electric grid • Hydrogen infrastructure and –logisitcs, biogenous fuels • Ecological assessment of natural fibre reinforced components and thermoplastics for automotive parts (ISSN 0170-7299) • Primary energetic improvement of a self-sufficient hybrid car (ISBN 3-933283-16-7) • Methodically basic principles for balancing of ecological data • Comparison of balancing methodologies • The Energy Cycle of Automotive Plastics (consultancy for European Commission) • Energetic optimized service life of energy-consuming products (DFG-Forschungsvorhaben) • First studies for car industry • CED of BMW E1, Energy-/Emission Balance for automotive ligthweight construction (Audi, BMW) 2005 2002 2000 1999 1997

5. Scope Validation/ Verification Calculation of Emissions Offsetting According to Existing Regulations/Laws (e.g. Kyoto) Voluntary Carbon Calculation and Offsetting

6. Greenhouse Effect Source: UNEP

7. Greenhouse Gases Water Vapour CO2 Methane Ozone N20 CFC HCFC SF6 CF4 e.g. Combustion: CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O

8. Key Steps Balance Boundaries Quantification (methods, EF, calculation,…) Accounting (base year, tracking,…) Carbon Footprint

9. Production materials Production materials Target product Target product consumables consumables Co-products Co-products Off-heat Production facilities Off-heat Production facilities waste waste emissions emissions Balance Boundaries Balance Boundary 2: Carbon Neutral (according to UNEP) Balance Boundary 1: Primary Energy (according to ISO 14000 ff) Balance Boundary 1: incl. Preliminary Levels Balance Boundary 2: e.g. incl. travel

10. Energy-/Emission Balance for Products and Services • Combined System Analysis • Process Chain Analysis • Input-Output Analysis Cumulative Energy Demand and Efficiency Indicators

11. (Material2) (Material2) (Material1) (Material1) Direct Energy Consumption Direct Emissions (Material2) (Material2) (Material1) Indirect Energy Consumption (Material1) Indirect Emission energy emissions direct Consumption Onsite [kWh] None (local!) indirect Supply of El. Power Emissions in pre- ceding Processes Energy/Emission Analysis for Products and Services Cumulated Energy Demand / Cumulated Emissions • Focusing on products and services • Energy based,  primary energy demand • Differentiated into direct (emissions within the location) and indirect (upstream, preceding) • Standardized and regulated via VDI 4600, ISO 14000 et seq. Example: el. Power consumption on building a house • realisation / application •  complex • time consuming

12. (Material2) (Material1) Primary Emissions (Material2) (Material1) Secundary Emissions Example: company Carbon neutrality realisation / application  simpler  also time consuming primary Emissions for heating with fuel secondary Emissions for travel of Employees Carbon Neutrality for Companies and Locations Carbon Neutrality • CO2-Emissions based on energy consumption • Differentiated into primary (emissions within the location) and secondary (emissions caused by non-direct related processes) • Not clearly regulated – an ongoing process for localization in different countries

13. (Material2) (Material2) (Material2) (Material2) (Material1) (Material1) (Material1) (Material1) Primary Primary Emissions Emissions Primary Primary Emissions Emissions (Material2) (Material2) (Emission) (Emission) (Material1) (Material1) Direct Direct Secondary Secundary (Material2) (Material2) Emissions Emissions (Emission) (Emission) (Material1) (Material1) Direct Direct Secondary Secundary Emissions Emissions Conjunction of Emission Analysis and Carbon Neutrality Energy & Emission Analysis Carbon Neutrality (Material2) (Material1) Direct / Primary (Material2) Unusable for Emission Analysis According to VDI/ISO Unusable for Carbon Neutrality According to Kyoto (Material1) Indirect / Secondary Usable for both kinds of analysis

14. Implementation in your Company • Energy Consumption • Invoices, Balance Sheet • Traffic & Logistic • Business Trip • Transport of goods • Supply of Energy and Material • Emission Factors • Survey with Univ. Appl. Sciences Munich • Allocation • Administration • Balance Boundaries • Tracebility • Accuracy • Conservative ass.

15. Normative Basics (I) • IPCC • UNFCC/UNEP • KYOTO Protocol • International and National Laws & Regulations • Institutions • WRI • GRI • DEFRA

16. Normative Basics (II) • DIN EN ISO 14001 – Environmental Management Systems - Requirements • DIN EN ISO 14004 – Environmental Management Systems – • General Guidelines • DIN EN ISO 14040 – Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) • DIN EN ISO 14041 – LCA – Goal and Scope Definition • DIN EN ISO 14031 – Environmental Performance Evaluation • DIN EN ISO 14064 - Greenhouse gases  • VDI 4050 – Operational Indices for Environmental Management • VDI 4600 – Cumulated Energy Demand

17. Stakeholders • Customers • NGO • Government & Politics • Society • Financial Sector & Insurances • Media • …. • Benchmark to competitors

18. Multiple Effects • Climate Protection • Marketing • Protection of Resources • Raising Efficiency & Cost Reduction • Transparent Processes • Promotion Renewable Energy Sources & Technologies • Reduce Dependency on Fossile Energy Sources • …

19. Facts instead of Sentiments! www.dfge.de

20. Contact Dr.-Ing. Thomas Fleissner E-Mail: fleissner@dfge.de Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Wolfgang Berger E-Mail: berger@dfge.de DFG-Energy Institute for Energy – Ecology - Economy Kreitstr. 5 86926 Greifenberg Tel. +49 (0)8192 / 99 7 33 - 20 Fax. +49 (0)8192 / 99 7 33 - 29 www.dfge.de