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Language Intro – 7,000 globally A. Define Why geographers care Classification

Language Intro – 7,000 globally A. Define Why geographers care Classification Families – Indo-European, Sino-Tibean search for “superfamily” Isolates. Language Family Trees. Fig. 5-12: Family trees and estimated numbers of speakers for the main world language families.

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Language Intro – 7,000 globally A. Define Why geographers care Classification

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  1. Language Intro – 7,000 globally A. Define Why geographers care Classification Families – Indo-European, Sino-Tibean search for “superfamily” Isolates

  2. Language Family Trees Fig. 5-12: Family trees and estimated numbers of speakers for the main world language families.

  3. Branches – subfamily • (Romance, Germanic) • common words • C. "Leaves" - groups • Most important - Mandarin, Hindi, Spanish • English • D. Dialect

  4. Distribution of Families • A. Indo-European - 48% world speakers • 1. Main branches • 2. Origin - 2 theories • a. conquest - Kurgan • b. Agriculture- Anatolian • 3. Distribution

  5. Origins of Indo-European

  6. B. Sino-Tibetan- 26% 1. Distribution 2. Origins C. Afro-Asiatic - 6% 1. Origin 2. Distribution D. African (Niger-Congo) - 3% Xhosa

  7. E. Borders - isogloss - Fig 5-4 (US)

  8. IV. Language development A. Environment 1. Vocabulary /method Silbo 2. Diffusion 3. Preservation/extinction - refuge, shatter belts

  9. B. Culture contact 1. Pidgin 2. Creole Ex. - Tok Pisin 3. Lingua franca 4. Loan words - Franglais, Spanglish

  10. Language extinction • Technology • Econonic Development Model • C. Colonialism - assimilation

  11. VI. Language as centripetal/centrifugal force • Define - centripetal, centrifugal • Centrifugal • Canada (FIG 5-18) • Former Yugoslavia • C. Toponymes • C. Centripetal • US - US languages • EU - 23 official languages

  12. English - • Origin • British/Celtic • Old English • Middle English - • B. Diffusion

  13. US dialects – • Northern Midland Southern • Ebonics http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/map/map.html

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