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Mastering Polyatomic Ions in Ionic Compounds

Learn about polyatomic ions and how to name and write formulas for ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions. Practice balancing charges and recognizing common polyatomic ions.

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Mastering Polyatomic Ions in Ionic Compounds

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  1. Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.4 Polyatomic Ions Learning Goal Write the nameand formula for an ionic compoundcontaining a polyatomic ion.

  2. Polyatomic Ions A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms with an overall ionic charge. NH4+ ammonium OH− hydroxide NO3−nitrate NO2− nitrite CO32− carbonate PO43−phosphate HCO3− hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate)

  3. Polyatomic Ions Figure 6.3 Many products contain polyatomic ions, which are groups of atoms that have an ionic charge.

  4. Naming Polyatomic Ions The names of the common polyatomic anions • end in ate NO3− nitrate PO43− phosphate • with one oxygen less end in ite NO2− nitrite PO33− phosphite • with hydrogen use prefix hydrogen (or bi) HCO3−hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) HSO3−hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)

  5. Names and Formulas of Common Polyatomic Ions

  6. Names and Formulas of Common Polyatomic Ions

  7. Writing Formulas for Compounds with Polyatomic Ions To write the correct formula for compounds containing polyatomic ions, first determine the ratio of ions using charge balance. Write the formula for calcium nitrate. 1. The total negative and positive charges must equal zero

  8. Writing Formulas for Compounds with Polyatomic Ions 2. When more than one polyatomic ion is needed for charge balance, the subscript is written outside the closing parenthesis of the polyatomic ion. Ca2+ + 2 NO3− Ca(NO3)2 Calcium ion + 2 Nitrate ions Calcium nitrate

  9. Guide to Writing Formulas withPolyatomic Ions

  10. Learning Check Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate.

  11. Solution Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate. Step 1 Identify the cation and polyatomicion (anion). Cation Polyatomic Ion (anion) Al3+ HCO3−

  12. Solution Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate. Step 2 Balance the charges.

  13. Solution Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate. Step 3 Write the formula, cation first, using the subscripts from the charge balance. Al3+ + 3 HCO3− Al(HCO3)3 Aluminum + 3 Bicarbonate ions Aluminum bicarbonate

  14. Naming Ionic Compounds withPolyatomic Ions When naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions, • write the name of the positive ion, usually a metal first • write the name of the polyatomic ion last Learn to recognize polyatomic ions in ionic compound names and formulas.

  15. Naming Ionic Compounds withPolyatomic Ions

  16. Guide to Naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

  17. Learning Check Name the following ionic compounds: A. KClO3 B. Mn(OH)2

  18. Solution Name the following ionic compounds: A. KClO3 B. Mn(OH)2

  19. Summary of Naming Ionic Compounds

  20. Learning Check Name the following ionic compounds. A. Na3P B. CuSO4 C. Cr(ClO)3

  21. Solution Name the following ionic compounds. A. Na3P B. CuSO4 C. Cr(ClO)3

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