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Interviewing Techniques

Interviewing Techniques. Goals. Discuss the steps involved in the interviewing process. Discuss ways to create a comfortable environment during interviews. Provide examples on probing, clarifying, and other issues involved in the interview process. Before you dial.

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Interviewing Techniques

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  1. Interviewing Techniques

  2. Goals • Discuss the steps involved in the interviewing process. • Discuss ways to create a comfortable environment during interviews. • Provide examples on probing, clarifying, and other issues involved in the interview process.

  3. Before you dial • Familiarize yourself with the investigation and the survey • Remain enthusiastic and upbeat

  4. Introduction • Introduce yourself and the organization you represent • Follow the survey introduction word for word • Project confidence and enthusiasm • Speak slowly and enunciate

  5. Introduction • Provide a time estimate on the duration of the interview • Address confidentiality • Offer contact information • Obtain informed consent

  6. Survey questions • Ask the same questions in the same manner • Remain neutral throughout the interview • When necessary, prompt for clarification and probe beyond “I do not know”

  7. Survey questions • If the participant provides additional voluntary information, record the answer first • Do not lead the participant

  8. Probes • It may be appropriate to have a follow-up probe ready • Open-ended questions • “Could you tell me more about that”? • “What did you feel about that”? • Closed-ended questions • Offer dates, times of day, or seasonal holidays

  9. Clarification • Develop a protocol to deal with questions of clarification • Options • Repeat the information in the question • Refer to pre-determined definitions • Respond: “Whatever _____ means to you” • Don’t be afraid to say you don’t know

  10. Closing • Thank the participant • Provide contact information • Make sure all questions are completed

  11. Face-to-face • Remain neutral in vocal tone, body language, and facial expressions • Be attentive and maintain appropriate eye contact • Be accepting of the participant • Concentrate on what the participant is saying

  12. Questions, problems, and solutions • Examples: • What sorts of questions will you ask me? • What good are these surveys? • How did you get my number? • I do not have time to complete the survey.

  13. Other issues • Language problems • Participant refuses to answer • Impatient or tired participant • Participant gets off the subject • Participant does not understand the question or gives irrelevant answer • Participant asks for feedback, confirmation, or additional information • Participant did not know he or she had the diagnosis in question

  14. Conclusions • Ways to become a great interviewer: • Practice • Be an active listener • Ask for assistance if needed • Be mindful of introducing bias • Be courteous and knowledgeable • Maintain a professional yet friendly approach

  15. References • Michigan Department of Agriculture. Module 7: Foodborne illness investigations, interview techniques. In: Training program for the professional food service sanitarian. Available at: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDA_mod_07_21297_7.html#_Toc491503839. Accessed February 3, 2004. 2. Salant P, Dillman D. Chapter 8: Setting your survey in motion and getting it done. In: How to conduct your own survey. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc;1994:137-170.

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