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The Outbreak of World War I

The Outbreak of World War I. Leading up to World War I. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism. Militarism. Glorification of the military Leads to increased suspicions between countries & made war more likely Readiness for war came to dominate national policies. Alliances.

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The Outbreak of World War I

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  1. The Outbreak of World War I

  2. Leading up to World War I • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

  3. Militarism • Glorification of the military • Leads to increased suspicions between countries & made war more likely • Readiness for war came to dominate national policies

  4. Alliances • Distrust amongst great powers leads to alliances • Intended to create powerful combinations that no one would attack • Two main sets of alliances emerge: • Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy • Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, Russia

  5. Imperialism • the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries • Why European focus on Imperialism? • Economic • Political • Cultural

  6. Nationalism • Germany: Proud of new military power & industrial leadership • France: wanted to regain position as Europe’s leading power; sought revenge for “lost provinces” • Russia: promoted idea of Pan-Slavism, felt duty to defend all Slavic people • The Balkans: Rising nationalism creates “powder keg in Europe”

  7. “The Spark” • June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary assassinated by Serbian nationalist, GavriloPrincip

  8. The war begins • July 28, 1914: Austria declares war on Serbia • August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia • August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France • August 4, 1914: Germany invades Belgium • (Schlieffen Plan put in action) • Great Britain declares war on Germany • October 28, 1914: Ottoman Empire enters World War I

  9. Two Sides in World War I Allied Powers: Central Powers:

  10. Advantages of Each Side • Allied Powers • More Soldiers • Greater Industrial Power • Superior Navy • 32 countries

  11. Central Powers • Well-trained Army • Well equipped Army • Territory allowed for rapid troop movement/communication

  12. World Leaders during WWI Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[O.E.] Franz Josef [A-H] Pres. Poincare [Fr]

  13. The Schlieffen Plan • German plan to attack France by invading Belgium • Goal was to achieve quick victory against France, avoid fighting a war on two fronts

  14. How the war escalated • Austria-Hungary wanted to punish Serbia • Germany wanted to stand strong behind its ally • Russia saw an attempt to oppress Slavic people • France feared facing Germany alone later on • Great Britain felt compelled to protect Belgium

  15. A New Kind of Conflict

  16. 1st Battle of the Marne (Western Front) • September 5, 1914 • Allies block German offensive • Germans forced to retreat Outcome: German plan for quick victory ruined War turns into a stalemate Trench warfare begins

  17. Trench warfare

  18. Trench warfare

  19. “No Man’s Land”

  20. Life in the trenches

  21. Life in the trenches

  22. Trench Foot

  23. Battle of Verdun • February 21 – December 18, 1916 • Germans launch offensive against the French • One of longest & most devastating battles • More than 500,000 dead

  24. Battle of the Somme • Battle begins July 1, 1916 • Allied offensive against Germany • One of the largest & bloodiest battles of World War I • Over 1 million troops killed

  25. Weapons of World War I • Machine Gun • Improved Artillery

  26. Poison Gas

  27. Victim of a gas attack

  28. Tanks • U-boats

  29. Airplanes • Zeppelins

  30. The Eastern Front • Russia suffers from major shortages • Food, clothing, weapons, ammunition • Allies could not ship supplies • Blockade by Central Powers • Russia suffers major casualties

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