SSWH4

1. SSWH4 Description: SSWH4 The student will analyze the importance of the Byzantine and Mongol empires between450 CE and 1500 CE.

2. SSWH4 Element A Explain the relationship of the Byzantine Empire to the Roman Empire. • “The Byzantine Empire is a direct heir to the Roman Empire.” • The Roman Empire split many times in the end the empire spit and it became permanent , Eastern (Rome) fell in 476 AD and Western (renamed the Byzantine) lived for 1000 years more.

3. The result of Emperor Justinian wanting a simple and clear system of roman laws, or “code”. This code later included Justinian’s own laws as well as the books: Institutes, Digest, and several laws called novellae. As for where she is from is unknown, Theodora’s career as an actress (prostitute) started when her father passed away and later met Justinian. Theodora respected her husband and it was she who convinced Justinian to stay and fight when the Nika riot occurred. Theodora influenced the Byzantine Empire politically. SSWH4 Element B “Corpus JurisCivilis” Justinian’s law code: Describe the significance of Justinian’s law code, Theodora and the role of women, and Byzantine art and architecture. Theodora

4. Continue… Architecture: Women’s Rights • rights of women in divorce • and property ownership • forbid exposure of unwanted infants • guardianship over their children • forbid the killing of a wife who committed adultery • She closed brothels and created convents where the ex-prostitutes could support themselves. --Byzantine architecture was based upon the legacy of Roman formal and technical achievements. --Many important buildings of Constantinople are destroyed these churches still stand: --Mosaic-brought art to a level of extreme power(applied to churches).--Painting-paninting of devotional panels play an important role since icons played part in the religious and secular life. manuscript illumination(ex:Homilies of Gregory Nazianzus ;the Joshua Rotulus (or Roll) and the Paris Psalter--Enamel, ivory, and metalwork objects church of San Vibtale (in Ravenna) St.John of the Studion (oldest serving church in Constantinople) Constantinople Church of St. Mark's (in Venice) Church of Holy Wisdom or Hagia Sophia (made during Emporer Justinian's rule) Art:

5. SSWH4 Element C -- Constantine, from the Byzantine Empire, established the first Christian Empire in 330 A.D. -- Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity, making Christianity the state religion, which changed people's outlook. -- Constantine moved the governing city from Rome to Byzantium -- Not only did Christianity help the Byzantine Empire but it was also a political tool, "One of the biggest propaganda. Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire.

6. SSWH4 Element D Trade: Analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center. -- Constantinople is important because of it’s location. -- People needed to cross the Bosporus strait, the only water passage between the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Controlled and profited from land and water transportation. Religion: -- Center of the Eastern Orthodox Church -- Jesus spread the word of god in Rome, where is the home of Catholic and Greek Orthodox (home of the pope).

7. SSWH4 Element E Explain the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia with particular attention to its impact on Tsar Ivan iii and Kiev Kiev Ivan iii In 1472 Ivan married his second wife Sophia (niece of Constantine XI, last Byzantine Emperor), who brought Byzantine court customs. -- "Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural centre of Eastern Europe."

8. SSWH4 Element F Eastern Orthodoxy grew but in a different branch of Christianity after the "Great Schism" between Eastern and Western Christendom in the 11th-century. There has been religious, cultural, and political differences between the two. Religiously: different views on the use of icons, nature of the Holy Spirt, and the date of celebration of Easter. Culturally: -- Greek East: more philosophical -- West-more pragmatic Political: When Emperor Contantine died and split his empire in half for his two sons, the Orthodoxy into two, West ("Roman Catholic") and East ("Greek Orthodox"). Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism.

9. SSWH5 Description: SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE.

10. SSWH5 Element A Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. The prophet Muhammad affected many Muslims; because of being very religious, Islam is ruled by it's religion. This caused Islam's to put strict enforcement to the laws.

11. SSWH5 Element B Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. As the Islamic Empire grew, trade became a big thing. Islamstraveled through the Silk Road spreading their religion to China and other countries along the way. Doing so advanced their civilization and helped the economic which help the Islamic community.

12. Same Islamic belief but different agreement on leadership. Distribution: Sunni makes up 85% of the population Shia: Iran, Iraq, Yemen, Bahrain, Syria, and Lebanon Religious Leadership:Sunni: There is no birthright for leadership, you have to earn your trust and it can be taken away from the people. Shia: imam saints perform pilgrimages tombs and shrines in hope of divine intercession. Religious Texts and Practices: Shia- animosity towards companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Sunni- reject these traditions SSWH5 Element C Explain the reasons for the spit between Sunni and Shia Muslims Shia

13. SSWH5 Element D Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina), Geography (Ibn Battuta). Ibn Battuta Ibn Sina Geo- important it seems to be the orgin of geo --Ibn Battuta left Tangier, Morocco on June 14 1325 CE at the age of 21. --Traveled 30 years where he visited the lands of every Muslim ruler of his time. The prophet Muhammad allowed the study of Medicine, which made it very IMPORTANT TO THEM!! --Ibn Sina, known as Avicenna, was maybe the greatest physician until the modern era. --Al-Qanunfi al-Tibb is his famous textbook that has been studied for over 700 years.

14. SSWH5 Element E Description: Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe. --The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars created by the Christian states in Europe against the Saracens (Muslims) in order to claim holy sites. --The Crusades put Europe through much suffrage of the loss of millions for the past four centuries. --Europe was cut off from any over sea trade and turned into a feudal and agricultural society --Europe feared Arab imperialism and what Islam had upon Christendom.

15. SSWH5 Element F --leader named Temujin aka Genghis Kan, World Emperor, united lose Mongol tribes. --by the death of Genghis Khan, he ruled:Mongolia, Northern China, Korea, Persia. --Trade flourished. Camel caravans carried Chinese goods on a road, the Silk Road. --Asian grown species, tea, ivory, jade, and Chinese Silk being the most popular were traded --Islam was spread to China Analyze the impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire to include the stabilization of trading networks from China to the Mediterranean world.

16. SSWH5 Element G Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Islam Judaism Prophet: Muhammad Holy Book: Koran or Qur'an --The angel Gabriel told Muhammad he will be a prophet of god and spread god's word. --In Makkah (Mecca), Muhammad was not accepted and fled when the angel Gabriel told him of a plot to murder him (called Hejira) --years later Muhammad came back with an army to take back Makkah, the holy city of Islam. Prophet: Abraham Holy Book: Torah (5 books of Moses) --3 angels apeared like travelers told Abraham and Sarah they will have a baby named Isaac. --god told Abraham, that he and his son should be presented in a sacred ritual to worship him, god. Christianity Prophet: Muhammad Holy Book: Koran or Qur'an --The angel Gabriel told Muhammad he will be a prophet of god and spread god's word. --In Makkah (Mecca), Muhammad was not accepted and fled when the angel Gabriel told him of a plot to murder him (called Hejira) --years later Muhammad came back with an army to take back Makkah, the holy city of Islam.