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AN URBAN SOCIETY

AN URBAN SOCIETY. 1877-1900. The Lure of the City. City becomes a symbol of the new America between 1870-1900 Explosive urban growth sources included immigration, movement from countryside six cities over 500,000 by 1900. Tenements and the Problems of Overcrowding.

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AN URBAN SOCIETY

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  1. AN URBAN SOCIETY 1877-1900

  2. The Lure of the City • City becomes a symbol of the new America between 1870-1900 • Explosive urban growth • sources included immigration, movement from countryside • six cities over 500,000 by 1900

  3. Tenements and the Problems of Overcrowding • Tenements house urban dwellers • Tenement problems • inadequate sanitation • poor ventilation • polluted water • Urban problems • poor public health • juvenile crime

  4. Strangers in a New Land • By 1900 most urban dwellers foreign-born or children of immigrants • 1880s--eastern, southern European immigrants prompt resurgent Nativism • Nativist organizations try to limit immigration

  5. Immigration to the United States, 1870-1900

  6. Immigrants and the City:Families and Ethnic Identity More children born to immigrants than to native-born Americans

  7. Immigrants and the City:Institutions • Immigrant associations • preserve old country language and customs • aid the process of adjustment • Immigrant establish religious, educational institutions, media which preserve traditions

  8. The House That Tweed Built • Urban party machines headed by “bosses” • some bosses notoriously corrupt, e.g. William Tweed of New York City • most trade services for votes • Most bosses improve conditions in cities

  9. Social and Cultural Change 1877-1900 • End of Reconstruction marks shift of attention to new concerns • Population growth • 1877--47 million • 1900--76 million • 1900 population more diverse • Urbanization, industrialization changing all aspects of American life

  10. Urban and Rural Population, 1870-1900 (in millions)

  11. Manners and Mores • Victorian morality dictates dress, manners • Protestant religious values strong

  12. Changing Views: A Growing Assertiveness among Women • "New women"--self-supporting careers • Demand an end to gender discrimination

  13. Educating the Masses • Few students reach the sixth grade • Segregation, poverty compound problems of Southern education • 1896—Plessy v. Ferguson allows "separate but equal" schools

  14. Higher Education • Colleges and universities flourish • Greater emphasis on professions, research • More women achieve college education

  15. Higher Education: African Americans • African Americans usually confined to all-black institutions like Tuskegee Institute in Alabama • Booker T. Washington--accommodate racism, concentrate on practical education • W.E.B. DuBois--demand quality, integrated education

  16. The Stirrings of Reform • Social Darwinists (life of humans in society was a struggle for existence ruled by "survival of the fittest" ) • see attempts at social reform as useless and harmful Reformers begin to seek changes in US

  17. Progress and Poverty • Henry George (reformer and economist) the rich getting richer, the poor, poorer • George’s solution: tax land, wealth’s source

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