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Methodology/work description

BIODEEP – IMBC involvement. WP 3: Analysis of the species diversity, community structure and phylogeny of micro-organisms and meiofauna in Mediterranean Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Brines (DHAB). Methodology/work description

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Methodology/work description

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  1. BIODEEP – IMBC involvement WP 3: Analysis of the species diversity, community structure and phylogeny of micro-organisms and meiofauna in Mediterranean Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Brines (DHAB) • Methodology/work description • Meiofaunal and macrofaunal community structure (abundance, biomass, species composition and diversity) within the DHABs and along an oxic-anoxic gradient • Comparison of benthic communitiesamong the various DHABs and with those from adjacent sediments outside the influence of DHABs, as well as with those from other reduced environments • Identify specific morphpological and physiological adaptations of different meiofaunal and macrofaunal groups

  2. Discovery BC01 Out of brine + + - Discovery BC02 brine + + - Discovery MC02 Out of brine + + + L’ Atalante MCAT01 Out of brine + + + L’ Atalante MCAT03 Out of brine + + + L’ Atalante MCAT04 brine + + + Urania MCURA1 Out of brine + + + Urania MCURA2 brine + + + Bannock MCBAN01 brine + + + Bannock MCBAN02 brine + + + Bannock MCBAN03 Out of brine + + + Sediment chemistry & b.w.nutrients basin station code location samples POC/Chl a Eh b.w.nutr.

  3. Discovery BC01 Out of brine + Discovery MC01 brine + Discovery MC02 Out of brine + L’ Atalante MCAT01 Out of brine + L’ Atalante MCAT02 brine + L’ Atalante MCAT03 Out of brine + L’ Atalante MCAT04 brine + Urania MCURA1 Out of brine + Urania MCURA2 brine + Bannock MCBAN01 brine + Bannock MCBAN02 brine + Bannock MCBAN03 Out of brine + Meiobenthos (foraminifera & metazoa) basin station code location samples

  4. Discovery BC01 Out of brine + Discovery BC02 brine + L’ Atalante Out of brine - L’ Atalante brine - Urania BCURA3 Out of brine + Urania BCURA4 brine + Urania/ L’Atalante BCURA5 Out of brine + Bannock Out of brine - Bannock brine - Macrofauna station code location samples basin

  5. Chl a 1.6 d sed Phaeopigments 1.2 CPE -1 μg g 0.8 0.4 0 Discovery L' Atalante L' Atalante Urania Bannock (MCAT01) (MCAT03) Chloroplastic pigments (0-0.3cm) Out of DHABs

  6. μmol CO2 day-1 ml-1 % 1.6 0,06 1.2 0,04 0.8 0,02 0.4 0 0 Discovery basin L’ Atalante basin Urania basin Bannock basin MCAT01 MCATO3 Organic Carbon (0-0.3cm, wet oxidation) Out of DHABs

  7. 100 -2 80 indiv 10 cm 60 40 20 0 Discovery L’ Atalante Urania Bannock nematodes (41-64%) foraminifera (25-50%) copepods (adults+nauplii, 4-13%) miscellaneous (2-7%) Meiofaunal abundance (>32μm, 0-6cm) out of DHABs 12-43 indiv 10cm-2

  8. Typical oligotrophic environment of the E.Mediterranean Food availability low levels of sedimentary chloroplastic pigments low quality of sedimentary OM Meiobenthos low standing stocks typical abyssal assemblages dominated by nematodes and foraminifera response to food supply Outside the influence of the brines

  9. 0 5 10 15 20 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 5 10 15 20 0 1 2 3 2 4 6 8 10 Out of brine Brine area Disc Atal Uran Bann Organic carbon within the DHABs % OC (wet oxidation) depth in sed (cm) Discovery L' Atalante Urania Bannock

  10. 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0 0.5 1 0 0.5 0.5 1 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0 1 2 4 6 8 10 Out of brine (CO2 production) Brine area (CO2+CH4 production) Disc Atal Uran Bann Carbon mineralization within the DHABs μmol day-1 ml-1 depth in sed (cm) Discovery basin L' Atalante basin Urania basin Bannock basin

  11. 90 -2 80 70 indiv 10 cm 60 50 Discovery L’ Atalante Urania Bannock 40 MCAT02 MCATO4 MCBANN2 MCBANN1 30 20 10 plankton benthic foraminifera (allogromiidae) nematodes crustacea bivalvia (lucinidae/vesicomyidae) gastropods miscellaneous Meiofauna within the DHABs community structrure

  12. Extreme but not azoic conditions Elevated values of sedimentary parameters High abundances of plankton organisms Natural sediment traps accumulating OM and decaying organisms Presence of benthic species Nematodes In the brines Allogromiidae foraminifera Lucinidae / Vesicomyidae bivalves gastropods adapted (???) to the extreme characteristics of the basins

  13. next cruise… Macrofauna L’ Atalante basin (out & in the brine) Bannock basin (out & in the brine) Meiofauna Some more samples (from the brines) Check for living individuals Analyse for symbionts Oxic – anoxic gradient ?successive changes in meiofaunal/foraminiferal communities

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