JOHN F. KENNEDY & THE NEW FRONTIER

1. JOHN F. KENNEDY &THE NEW FRONTIER

2. Objective… • Summarize the significance of the 1960 election..

3. John Fitzgerald KennedyBorn May 29,1917Died Nov, 22, 1963

4. JFK: Biography… • Wealthy family • Graduated Harvard 1940 • WW II vet - Purple Heart • 1946-52 US House & Senate • 1960 elected U.S. President

5. The Election of 1960 52) The candidates & issues… • The Cold War & economy • RMN: Maturity; experience (VP); anti-communist; well known • JFK: Youthful; intelligent; sophisticated; war hero • Election obstacles for JFK… • Youth…youngest elected (43) • Catholic • Inexperienced

6. 53) The impact of the televised debates?... • RMN weaknesses… • - Looking at audience • - Blue shirt • - Unshaved • - Older looking • - Nervous • JFK strengths… • - Looking at camera • - White shirt • - Youthful • - Handsome • - Confident

7. 54) What gave the Kennedy Administration its popular appeal among the nation’s youth? • Grace, elegance & wit • Inspires hope, commitment & sacrifice • Beautiful young wife & young children • TV loved him • Modern-day Camelot

10. The 1960 Election • JFKRMN • Electoral Vote: 303 219 • Percentage: 49.7% 49.6% A difference of 100K votes out of 34M Closest election of the century

11. Objective… • Identify and explain the policies of the New Frontier. • Evaluate the performance of the Kennedy Administration

12. The assignment…. Summarize & evaluate the performance of the Kennedy Administration…. - Groups of 3 …Answer the assigned question - Poster + Graphic representation - Explain/ Describe / Support key points - Issue a letter grade (A,B,C,D, F) & evaluate the outcome of the program or event …Support your evaluation

13. Summarizing the Kennedy Administration…. • What were the overall goals of the New Frontier? • Why did Kennedy propose the Peace Corps? • How successful was the NF in advancing the status of women? • How successful was the NF in advancing the space program? • What was Kennedy's position on Vietnam? What contribution did he make to the ongoing conflict. • Bay of Pigs: Who? - What? - Where? – When - Why? • Cuban Missile Crisis: Who? - What? - Where?- When - Why? • How successful was Kennedy in reducing the threat of nuclear war?

14. 55) The agenda of the New Frontier… • Improve the economy • Manage the Cold War • Anti-poverty • Urban renewal • Health care for elderly people • Aid to education • Raise min. wage • Raise Soc. Sec. / Unemployment • The space program • Advance civil rights

15. The inauguration of JFK http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLdA1ikkoEc “Ask not what your country can do for you- ask what you can do for your country” - JFK

16. The New FrontierSuccess vs. Failure 57) Success • Increase min. wage • Public housing funding • Higher Ed. Act (1963)… • 58b) Pres. Com. on the Status of Women… • 58c) Equal Pay Act (1963)… • 58d) Revenue Act of (1962)… • 58e) Expanded NASA… • Social Security (Modest improvement) • Aid to public schools • Funding mass transit • Medical insurance for retired Failures 56) Why was it difficult for liberal Democrats to achieve the New Frontier agenda?

17. 58a ) The Peace Corps… • Goals of the Peace Corps. • 1) Help people in foreign countries by improving: Education; health; education; & agriculture • 2) Promote the understanding of Americans in foreign countries

18. The Apollo Missions "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth." -JFK 1961 address before Congress • The program goal was to land a human on the Moon. • Apollo 11 landed the first humans, Neil Armstrong & Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin on the Moon in July of 1969. • Fulfilled JFK's goal of reaching the Moon before the end of the decade and before the Soviets. • The greatest accomplishment of our space program.

19. 59) What do the authors of your text view as Kennedy’s greatest domestic achievement?… • An overall strengthening of the executive branch… • Direct control & decision making by JFK • Kennedy’s White House staff made decisions previously reserved for the Cabinet leaders.

20. Kennedy and the Cold War

21. Objective… • Trace the continuing events and policies of the Cold War through the Kennedy Administration.

22. 60) Special Forces/ Green Berets… Motto: “Liberate from oppression” "... THE GREEN BERET ...a symbol of excellence, a badge of courage, a mark of distinction in the fight for freedom."

23. 60) The Alliance for Progress The Alliance for Progress was initiated by President Kennedy to establish economic cooperation between the U.S. and South America. “Therefore I have called on all people of the hemisphere to join in a new Alliance for Progress …a vast cooperative effort, unparalleled in magnitude and nobility of purpose to satisfy the basic needs of the American people for homes, work and land, health and schools” - JFK March 13, 1961

24. Kennedy & Vietnam • A worsening situation • Approves military aid • Approves 16,000 advisors • NOREGULARTROOPS • “In the final analysis it is their war” - JFK

25. 61)Kennedy & Vietnam… a. How did Kennedy support the Diem regime… b. Why did the regime fail to win support… c. The policy shift in 1963… d. The Vietcong…

26. Ngo Dinh Diem President of South Vietnam • Catholic dictatorship – Oppressive leader • Believed communism was evil • Ruthlessly crushed opponents • Buddhist monks committed suicide

27. Monks commit suicide in protest… “…He never moved a muscle, never uttered a sound.”

28. Kennedy & Vietnam • Diem is an ineffective leader • Nov, 1963 - CIA pays SV generals to carry out a coup • Diem is murdered The assassination of Diem

29. 1961 The Cuban Revolution & the Bay of Pigs 62) Why did DDE establish and economic boycott and sever diplomatic relations with Cuban 1960? Castro & Khrushchev

30. The US executes an unsuccessful plot to overthrow Castro… - Eisenhower plans - Kennedy approves - A CIA operation - 1,189 prisoners & 100 invaders killed DDE & JFK discuss the Bay of Pigs Invasion at Camp David 63) What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?… The Bay of Pigs Invasion April, 1961

31. 64) Why did the B of P invasion fail?… Prisoners taken at the Bay of Pigs

33. The Missile Crisis 65) What led to the CMC?… How was the CMC resolved?…

34. The U-2 spy plane that photographed the Soviet missile sites… Completed missile site Missile construction site…

35. Results of the CMC… • Washington/ Moscow hotline… • The U.S. withdraws missiles from Turkey • Nuclear Test Ban Treaty…

36. The Soviets build the Berlin Wall to stop people from escaping from East Berlin…

37. 1961: The Berlin Wall JFK: The Berlin speech …“Ich bin ein Berliner”… “I am a Berliner” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH6nQhss4Yc

38. The Assassination of JFK The Texas School Book Depository Arriving in Dallas The presidential motorcade

40. The JFK Assassination Zapruder Film(Digital version) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1q91RZko5Gw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfSXkfV_mhA&feature=related

42. 71)Lee Harvey Oswald… The media announces the death of JFK… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2K8Q3cqGs7I&feature=related

43. The assassination of Lee Harvey Oswald Jack Ruby Live on television Jack ruby murders lee Harvey Oswald… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Awy3h5QK7WI&feature=fvst

44. Swearing in LBJ on Air Force One during the return trip from Dallas, Texas …

45. JFK’s funeral march .

46. The day JFK was buried it was John-Johns third birthday. JFK Memorial Video...http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZsCabQdnhk

47. The Warren Commission… Was the Commission merely a cover-up? There is controversy over the issue even today. The conclusion reached by the Warren Commission was that Lee Harvey Oswald was working alone. Oswald is said to have fired three shots. The first shot struck President Kennedy in the upper back, passed through his body and then struck Governor John Connally. The second shot is said to have missed its target. The third shot struck the President in the head. The total time for the shots was 4.8 to 5.6 seconds

48. "THE WINK”CONGRESSMAN ALBERT THOMAS KNOWINGLY WINKS AT A SMILING LBJ AFTER THE ASSASSINATION

50. I forgot about the test on Wednesday.