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WWI

WWI . Graphic Organizer Answers. Causes: Nationalism/Imperialism/Militarism. Nationalism – strong national pride in one’s nation, not ethnic identities France wanted Alsace-Lorraine back Minority cultures threatened Social Darwinism Destabilized empires (Austria-Hungary – Balkans)

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WWI

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  1. WWI Graphic Organizer Answers

  2. Causes: Nationalism/Imperialism/Militarism • Nationalism – strong national pride in one’s nation, not ethnic identities • France wanted Alsace-Lorraine back • Minority cultures threatened • Social Darwinism • Destabilized empires (Austria-Hungary – Balkans) • Imperialism – Desire for colonies • Competition for empires (Africa, Asia) • Militarism – Buildup of the military • Stockpiling weapons, more and better weapons; glorification of the military • Conscription • Germany builds a strong army and navy

  3. Alliances and Assassination • Triple Alliance – Aust.-Hung, Germany, Italy • Triple Entente – GB, France, Russia • Goal: protection and military aid • June 28, 1914 – Sarajevo (Bosnia) • Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated • GavrilloPrincip • Black Hand – Serbian Nationalists • Chain reaction as nations honor alliances • Germany advances through neutral Belgium (Schlieffen Plan)

  4. Technology, Trench Warfare, Western Front • Germans stopped at the Marne • Ineffective offensives coupled with powerful defenses • Stalemate – 600 miles of trenches – Western Front • Devastating weapons (artillery, machine guns, poison gas, tanks) • Trenches – mud, filth, rats, trench foot, exposure • War of attrition – thousands died • Verdun (700,000), Somme (60,000 in one day)

  5. American Position: Neutrality to War • Neutrality – Wilson’s official policy (“He kept us out of war”) • Divided loyalties • Irish/German – favored Central Powers • Russians – Jews fled to US from pogroms • Most Americans favored Allies • British heritage • French revolutionary spirit; aid in American Revolution • Isolationists – stay out • Interventionists – get in • Internationalists – play a roll but keep peace

  6. American Position – Neutrality to War • Preparedness policy – getting ready for war • Many opposed • Involvement: • Germany unrestricted submarine warfare • Lusitania • Sussex • Zimmerman note • April, 1917 – Congress declares war

  7. Home Front: Economy, Public Opinion, Dissension, Society • Economy – Government control • WIB – Bernard Baruch – ran industry • Food Administration – Herbert Hoover (ramped up agriculture, regulated prices, conservation and rationing • Mon. – Wheat, Tues – Meat, Wed. – Pork • Public Opinion • CPI – George Creel, propaganda • Dissension – Opposition to the war • Germans/Irish, Pacifists, Govt. trespassing on individual freedoms, opposition to the draft, conscientious objectors, women’s peace movements (Jeanette Rankin)

  8. Home Front • Government crackdown • Espionage Act, Sedition Act • Schenk v. US • Debs imprisoned several times (Socialist) • Society • Prejudice at home against Germans (liberty measles, liberty steaks, liberty pups) • Women jobs, 19th amendment • Great Migration

  9. Americas role, Battles, Leaders, Treaty • America turns the tide of the war • Thousands enlist, fresh troops, • Doughboys “Over There” • Convoy system • Battles • 2nd Marne, Chatteau Thierry, Belleau Wood, Meuse Argonne • Alvin York – American hero • Af-Am regiment earns highest honor in France

  10. America cont. • Leader – General John J. Pershing (“Blackjack), leads US forces • Treaty • Armistice – 11/11/18 (Veterans’ Day) • Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Freedom of the seas, self-determination of nations, reduction of military, no alliances • 14th League of Nations – Senate fails to ratify treaty, US does not join the League • Treaty – Germany: war guilt, reparations, demilitarize, humiliated and crushed; new map of Europe drawn

  11. Impact of War: Economy, Communism, “Normalcy,” New Order • Economy • Post war recession, women and blacks lose jobs, labor unrest, inflation, flu pandemic • Communism • Red Scare as Russia turns communist; Palmer raids, Sacco and Vanzetti trial • Normalcy • Harding embraces “normalcy;” Republicans throughout 20’s; return to isolation • New Order • What will America’s role be? Old order of empires destroyed, millions dead, what next???

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