Building the New Republic: George Washington's Domestic Policy

Unit 6 – Lesson #1What domestic policy steps did the leaders of the new Republic take to make the government work? Paintings of George Washington’s presidential inauguration April 30, 1789 in New York City

A. George Washington – President #1 I do solemnly swear That I will faithfully execute The Office Of President of the United States, And will, to the best of my ability, Preserve, protect, and defend The Constitution of the United States. 1) Elected in 1789 2) Inaugurated in April 1789 in New York City • 3) The Man for the Job? • Was commander-in-chief of Continental Army during American Rev. (1775-1783) • President of Constitutional Convention (1787-1788)

Only 2 terms, baby! B. G-Wash’s Precedents 1) Established a Cabinet • Experts that gave advice and helped their departments enforce the nation’s laws 2) Supported neutrality • The US should remain independent from disputes among other nations. 3) Served only 2 terms as president (8 yrs.) • No limit until 22nd Amendment (1951) • FDR was elected 4 times! (1932,’36,’40,’44)

1) Build a national economy ($$$) A. Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury C. Domestic Policy During G-Wash’s Presidency - Part 1 What nation wanted (Effect) Federal govt pays off debts of states from the American Revolution • How to get it • (Cause) • Whiskey Tax • Protective tariff • Set up a national • bank

Supporters of Financial Plan (Yes!) A. Hamilton, J. Adams Supporters were northern businessmen and merchants Thought a strong bank led by the federal gov’t was necessary for the US Called their supporters “Federalists” 2. Opponents of Financial Plan (No!) T. Jefferson, James Madison Feared the plan would only help wealthy citizens Feared the plan would hurt southern and western farmers and tradesmen Feared the federal gov’t would become too powerful Called their supporters “Democratic-Republicans” D. GW’s Domestic Policy - Part 2

E. GW’s Domestic Policy – Part 3 • Congress taxed whiskey (liquor) to raise money • It upset wheat farmers who made whiskey • Farmers in PA rebelled like in Shays’ Rebellion • Washington sent federal troops to end it • This showed that the Executive could enforce the law Lesson! 5) The Whiskey Rebellionshowed that the federal government worked while following the law of the Constitution.

F. Lesson #1 Check Point – write whole Q & A 1. Which of the following precedents did President Washington set at the beginning of his first term? A He decided to move the nation’s capital to Washington, D.C. B He established the Supreme Court. C He named well-known, talented leaders to head government departments. D He asked the government to repay federal and state debts. 2. Which statement BEST describes a major result of the Whiskey Rebellion? A The new government halted the production of whiskey. B People realized that the new government would execute violent protesters. C The new government proved too weak to respond in times of crisis. D People realized that the new government would not tolerate violent protests.

Lesson #2 – What is the origin of US political parties? JEFFERSON HAMILTON

A. Political PartyOrigins • Why? – American citizens disagreed about how the new country should be run • How? – Political parties are formed when - • Constituents have similar beliefs • Constituents want to make sure the gov’t works according to those beliefs • Who? – Constituents will support candidates for a position in the government if they feel that candidate shares their beliefs

B. How did the first 2 parties develop? 1. In the 1790’s T. Jefferson and J. Madison disagreed with the way Alexander Hamilton was running the nation’s economy. 2. T. Jeff. and J. Mad. formed a party called the “Democratic-Republicans.” 3. Alexander Hamilton formed a party called the “Federalists.”

4. 1796 was the first election contested between political parties - John Adams (F) vs. Thomas Jefferson (DR) • Who Won more states? • Where was JA popular? • Where was TJ popular? 5. John Adams (F) won and became the 2nd president.

Lesson #2 Check Point – write whole Q & A 3. What did many people fear would happen if political parties formed in the United States? A G. Washington would have too much control over the nation B Political divisions would threaten national unity. C Party leaders would abolish states’ rights. D Factions would seek to reunite the nation with Britain. 4. How did parties disagree about the issue of gov’t power? A The Fs wanted to make sure the state govts were strong B The D-Rs believed that both the state govts and the national govt should be strong C The Fs believed that both the state and national governments should be weak. D The D-Rs wanted to make sure that the national government did not have too much power

Unit 6 Lesson #3 – What foreign policy steps did the leaders of the new Republic take to protect national security?

Lesson#3 - Predict Write three complete sentences (captions) describing what you see in the pictures. 1. 2. 3.

A. Creating Foreign Policy Part 1 1) In 1789, a revolution broke out in France • Citizens wanted to overthrow an unfair king 2) Two Different American political ideas about the French Revolution: • Dem.-Reps. = American constitutional principles were spreading and popular (They supported it!) • T. Jefferson really supported the Fr. Rev.! • Federalists= Violence was evidence of the dangers of “mob rule” (They rejected it as chaos!) 3) In 1793, French rebels asked for help as they entered a war with England (Britain)

A. What were the two partisan points of view in America regarding the French Revolution? The two partisan points of view were… felt…, and… felt…

B. Creating Foreign Policy Part 2 1) In response, GW announced the Neutrality Proclamation in 1793. • America would not take sides during a war between Britain and France. (Film) Farewell, USA! 2) Washington’s Farewell Address 1796 (and Advice) • Domestic – avoid political parties • They disrupt political unity • Foreign – avoid military alliances with other countries • Foreign trade is important

Farewell, USA! What was George Washington’s advice to Americans when he left office? B. What precedent(s) had he set that supported this point of view?

C. The Effect of G-Wash’s Advice 1) It set American foreign policy on an independent course away from European conflict GW’s Advice (Cause) Avoid foreign military alliances with European nations US Foreign Policy (Effect) US stayed away from European issues and focused on the western hemisphere for next 150 years

C. What was the effect of George Washington’s foreign policy on future presidents? The effect of George Washington’s foreign policy on future presidents was…

D. Lesson #3 Check Point – write whole Q & A 5. All of the following were reasons America wanted to support the French Revolution EXCEPT – A Citizens were rising up against a corrupt king B France had given the United States support against the British C The revolution’s leaders turned increasingly violent D France was the United States’ first ally 6. Which statement BEST expresses President Washington’s beliefs about foreign policy? A The United States should use force when aiding allies in international disputes. B The United States should support permanent alliances with other nations. C The United States should take a more active role in international affairs. D The United States should remain independent from disputes between other nations.

E. Crisis with France in 1796!

E. Why did the Federalist Party split up, thus making John Adams the only Federalist president? The Federalist Party split up because…

F. Adams and States’ Rights

F. Summarize Adams’ reasoning for and Jefferson’s criticism of the Alien and Sedition Acts. Adams’ reasoning for the A&S Acts was…, while Jefferson’s criticism of the A&S Acts was…

G. Lesson #3 Check Point – write whole Q & A 7. Which of the following resulted from the disagreement between President Adams and Hamilton about whether the United States should go to war with France? A The Republican Party spilt B The Federalist Party split C The Republican Party stopped supporting France D The Federalist Party began supporting France 8. The Alien and Sedition Acts raised all of the following issues EXCEPT? A federalism B states’ rights C right to a jury trial D individual rights

What lessons can be learned from the second presidency? John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

Lesson #4 – How did Jefferson’s and Madison’s presidencies affect the new Republic?

A. T-Jeff: A New Domestic Policy 2) ECONOMIC POLICY TJ favored a laissez faireapproach to the economy - means “let alone,” with few gov’t rules and regulations TJ hoped this would open economic competition to many citizens and improve economy 1) SIZE OF GOVT • TJ aimed to reduce the power of the federal govt • TJ asked Congress to reduce the size of army and navy The gov’t that governs best governs least!

A. How did Jefferson’s domestic policy differ from Adams’? Jefferson’s policy was…, while Adams’ policy was…

B. T-Jeff: A New Foreign Policy 1. Louisiana Purchase • Bought from France in 1803 • US gained control of New Orleans • Doubled the size of the U.S.

B. Shade the area on the map which shows the territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase.

C. T-Jeff: A New Foreign Policy Part 2 Thou shall not trade with anyone! 2. Embargo Act • Banned all foreign trade! • A failed policy because it hurt the US more than France or Britain 3. Nonintercourse Act • The US could trade with all countries EXCEPT France & Britain • France and Great Britain were violating American neutrality by seizing American ships

C. Use the chart to explain the effect of the Embargo Act on the US economy. The effect of the Embargo Act on the US economy was…

D. Lesson #4 – Check Point #1 9. Which of these statements does NOT reflect Jefferson’s beliefs about government? The federal budget should be reduced. The United States Army and Navy are too large. The federal government should play a major role in people’s lives. There are too many government employees. 10. Which of these statements about the LA Purchase is correct? a. The LA Purchase removed Spain as a rival in North America. b. The LA Purchase gave France a large piece of territory in North America. c. LA Purchase roughly doubled the territory of the US d. The LA Purchase gave the US control over the entire continent

The War of 1812Why did the British Empire “strike back” at the United States?

E. Causes of conflict between the US and Britain 1) Britain tried to prevent the US from trading with Britain’s enemies and the US wanted to be able to trade with any nation. 2) England impressed (kidnapped) US sailors to work on British ships. • Ex: British Ship Leopard attacked the American ship Chesapeake 3) Americans felt that the British were encouraging Native American tribes to attack white settlers on the western frontier.

E. Why did Britain and the US go to war in 1812? Britain and the US went to war in 1812 because…

F. 5 Major Events of the War of 1812 1. 1813 – England blockaded America’s Atlantic coast 2. 1813 – US navy won important victories in and around the Great Lakes 3. 1814 – The British burned the 1st White House, and many other key buildings in Washington, DC 4. 1814 – F.S. Key wrote the poem “Star Spangled Banner” as he witnessed the British bomb Ft. McHenry 5. 1815 – Battle of New Orleans is fought after the Treaty of Ghent is signed; Gen. Andrew Jackson leads US Army to defeat of British forces; war ends

F. How did the War of 1812 affect the career of Andrew Jackson? The War of 1812 affected the career of Andrew Jackson because…

G. 4 Effects of the War of 1812 • There was no clear winner – neither side gained any land, new territory, or power 1. Foreign Affairs – American proved that it could defend itself from attack by a European power 2. Economics – Since it was not able to trade with England, the US had to make its own goods, so this helped the domestic economy, after a brief depression at the start of the war 3. In the west – When the British left, the Native Americans were unable to prevent white settlers moving onto their lands 4. Patriotism – defeating Britain again got many Americans feeling good about their country

G. How did the outcome of the War of 1812 affect westward settlement and Native Americans? The outcome of the War of 1812 affected westward settlement by…, and it affected Native Americans by…

H. Lesson #4 – Check Point #2 11. How did Britain &France violate the neutrality of US ships? a. Britain and France forced the US to trade their ships for supplies. b. British and French navies seized American ships. c. Britain and France refused to trade with American ships. d. British and French navies destroyed American ships. 12. How did the disruption in Atlantic shipping prior to and during the War of 1812 significantly affect the U.S. economy? A. Imports of raw materials increased in the Northeast. B. Americans emigrated to Europe to find manufacturing jobs. C. Cotton sales from southern states to Europe increased. D. American industries expanded to provide replacements for foreign goods.

Lesson #5 – What was the “Era of Good Feelings” and how did Jackson’s presidency expand suffrage? James Monroe, 1817-1825 Andrew Jackson, 1829-1837

A. President #5 - James Monroe • A newspaper reporter summarized the time of patriotic excitement among many US citizens after the War of 1812 as the “Era of Good Feelings.” WHY? 1) J. Monroe was the third consecutive Dem-Rep elected, and in 1820, no one ran against him. 2) Without the Federalist Party, there was little political conflict in the U.S. 3) US business was booming after the War of 1812 because of the development of industry in New England.

A. What made Monroe’s presidency an “Era of Good Feelings?” …made Monroe’s presidency and Era of Good Feelings.

B. The Monroe Doctrine • US Foreign Policy in 1823 … 1) would not allow further European colonization in the Western Hemisphere 2) demanded that the European powers not establish colonies in the Western Hemisphere 3) declared that the United States would remain neutral in European wars 4) It shaped US Foreign Policy for next 100 years!

B. Summarize the main points of the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine’s main points are…

C. “Jacksonian” Democracy • 1828: Jackson wins election over John Quincy Adams • He ran a campaign focused on support of the “common man.” • Jackson and his victory were viewed by his supporters as a victory for the common people and a sign of a new, more democratic era. • In the 1820s and the 1830s, the government made legal changes to give suffrage to more citizens. • In the new western states, any white man over 21 could vote. In the East, by the 1830s, most states no longer required voters to own land.

C. How did suffrage expand during the 1820s and 1830s? Suffrage expanded during the 1820s and 1830s because…

Building the New Republic: George Washington's Domestic Policy