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Marine Aviation in support of MAGTF operations (part I)

Marine Aviation in support of MAGTF operations (part I). References: MCWP 3-2, Aviation Operations JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States MCWP 3-22, Antiair Warfare MCWP 3-40.5, Electronic Warfare JP 1-02, DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.

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Marine Aviation in support of MAGTF operations (part I)

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  1. Marine Aviation in support of MAGTF operations (part I) References: • MCWP 3-2, Aviation Operations • JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States • MCWP 3-22, Antiair Warfare • MCWP 3-40.5, Electronic Warfare • JP 1-02, DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

  2. Uniqueness of USMC Aviation Mission of USMC Aviation Relationships of Warfighting Functions to Functions of Marine Aviation Capabilities Functions of Marine Aviation Overview

  3. Extends operational reach of MAGTF commander Enables accomplishment of operational & tactical objectives Strategic and operational mobility Allows conduct of the deep fight Expands MAGTF commander’s effective battlespace in breadth and depth Marine Aviation

  4. “Fighter” vice “Facilitator” Owns the assets Directs the assets Controls the lethality of the assets Lethal or non-lethal fires Time and place of his choosing MAGTF Commander

  5. Mission of Marine Aviation To participate as the supporting air component of MAGTFs in the seizure and defense of advance naval bases and for the conduct of land operations that may be essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign. To participate as an integral component of naval aviation in the execution of other Navy functions as the fleet commanders so direct.

  6. Organized, trained, and equipped to provide task-organized ACE for any size MAGTF Operate from sea and shore bases Supportexpeditionary operations through sustained operations ashore Both fixed-wing and rotary-wing assets Marine Aviation

  7. Warfighting Functions Intelligence Command and Control Fires Maneuver Force Protection Logistics Functions of Marine Aviation Offensive Air Support Antiair Warfare Assault Support Air Reconnaissance Electronic Warfare Control of Aircraft & Missiles Marine Aviation

  8. Six Functions vs. Warfighting Functions To best support the GCE, the ACE supports all warfighting functions Warfighting Functions 8

  9. “Goods” Variety of Attack Observation Responsiveness Flexibility Range Firepower and Mobility Accuracy MACCS “Others” Visibility and Weather Logistic Constraints Time on Station Enemy Air Defenses Local Air Superiority Target Identification Line of Sight/Terrain Masking Aviation Capabilities

  10. First Ask:What is the MAGTF’s mission?Then ask:What aviation capabilities are required? • Mission • Enemy • Terrain & Weather • Troops & Fire Support Available • Time • Space • Logistics Estimate

  11. MEU/MEU (SOC) Composite squadron Limited capabilities MEB Marine Aircraft Group (MAG) All capabilities MEF Marine Aircraft Wing (MAW) All capabilities Task Organization for the MAGTF Warfighting Functions Functions of Marine Aviation Task Organization

  12. Deployment Amphib Shipping, StratAir, CV Operation Amphibs, CV, EAF, Host Nation Infrastructure Runways, Shelters, Fuel Personnel/Unit Training/Experience Logistical Tail Fuel, Ordnance, Parts Planning Considerations

  13. Questions?

  14. Marine Aviation OAS AAW Assault Support Air Recon EW Control of A&M Marine Aviation Function: Control of Aircraft and Missiles

  15. Fundamentals of control of aircraft & missiles Role of the Marine Air Command and Control System (MACCS) Functions Tasks Capabilities & limitations Overview

  16. Integrating Function Control of A/C and Missiles EW AAW AIR RECON ASSAULT SPT OAS

  17. Command and Control • Centralized Command • ACE Commander needs to plan, direct, and coordinate all aspects of aviation employment for the MAGTF • Decentralized Control ACE Commander must also optimize the flexibility, versatility, and responsiveness of aviation by allowing control by responsive agencies

  18. Centralized Command/Decentralized Control TAOC Air Defense CAP A/C Decentralized Control ACE COMMANDER- TACC Centralized Command ASC (A) FAC(A) CAS A/C DASC A/S

  19. Optimizes the flexibility, versatility and responsiveness of the ACE. Shortens the decision cycle by allowing tactical decisions to be made in the cockpit AND at the subordinate control agency with first-hand knowledge of the situation. Controllers and executors make time-sensitive decisions within the framework of the commander’s intent. Advantages

  20. Control of Aircraft and Missiles Air Control Air Direction Provides the authority to regulate… Methods for managing assets… Efficient use of assets!

  21. Control of Aircraft and Missiles Air Direction Air Control Airspace Control Airspace Management

  22. Control of Aircraft and Missiles Air Direction Air Control Airspace Control Airspace Management Positive • Radar, IFF, data links • Terminal Control • Visual Control (FAC/HST etc) Procedural • Combination of orders and procedures • Radar, IFF not required • Airspace control measures, FSCMs • Rules of Engagement • Reliable 2-way comms Positive and Procedural • Control by exception

  23. Marine Air Command and Control System Tactical organization Allows the ACE commander to control aircraft and missiles Provides the means to move and process information to effect the planning and execution cycles of the ACE battlestaff (MAGTF Staff) Primary objectives Enhance unity of effort Integrate the elements of the C2 system Disseminate common situational awareness What is the MACCS?

  24. MACCS MACG MTACS MACS LAAD MASS VMU MWCS ACE Commander MTACS TACC TAOC LAAD MATCD DASC VMU MWCS EW/C SADC DASC(A) ASLT MMT MACS MASS Command FAC/FAC(A) ASC(A)/TAC(A) SCAR Coordination

  25. WHO’S IN CHARGE ACE COMMANDER = TAC

  26. TACC Senior MACCS agency Only MACCS agency exercising COMMAND ACE commander’s operational command post Future Ops plans and builds future ATO; Current Ops executes current ATO TBMCS No radars, CTP provided via data link with TAOC (primarily) Tactical Air Command Center (TACC)

  27. TACC Organization ACE Commander COS G-1 G-2 G-3 G-4 G-6 Aviation Logistics Special Staff Air Combat Intelligence Current Operations Future Operations Future Plans

  28. TACC organization is flexible to meet the ACE commander’s requirements Levels of the TACC MEF TACC MEB TACC MEU No Marine TACC

  29. TACC equipment/manning MTACS Equipment & Maintenance ACE, MTACS, MACG Personnel TACC

  30. Tactical Air Operations Center (TAOC) • MACCS’ primary radar agency • Detects and identifies hostile aircraft and missiles • Controls air defense weapons • Fighter aircraft • Ground-based air defense weapons (GBAD) • Maintains status on weapons and tankers • Routes friendly aircraft through air defenses AN/TPS-59 (V3)

  31. Sector Air Defense Commander (SADC) MAGTF’s air defense battle manager Guides the TAOC in the conduct of active air defense Plans/recommends to ACE commander air defense unit employment Coordinates BDZs with MATCD Joint sector or regional air defense commander AIR DEFENSE SECTOR

  32. Provide friendly aircraft with continuous all-weather radar/non-radar approach, departure, tower, and enroute ATC services within assigned controlled airspace. Provide navigational aids Display and disseminate appropriate air/ground information to higher and adjacent agencies Coordinate the activation of the base defense zone (BDZ) as part of the integrated air defense system Serve as liaison between the MACCS and national/international civil ATC systems Marine Air Traffic Control Detachment (MATCD)

  33. Principal MACCS interface with the GCE; collocated with the senior FSCC Physical or electronic collocation Principal MACCS agency responsible for direction of air operations directly supporting ground forces. Processes immediate air support requests (joint tactical airstrike requests [JTARS]), assault support requests [ASRs] Airborne version: DASC (A) Relies on procedural control Direct Air Support Center (DASC)

  34. Aircraft Collocation: Physical or Electronic DASC GCE/FSCC TACC

  35. DASC Employment Options • Air Support Element (ASE) - Capable of limited DASC function - Typically employed with MEU - Landward extension of Navy TACC and HDC • Air Support Liaison Team (ASLT) - Not a DASC - Task organized to provide “face-to-face” liaison between DASC and FSCC if collocation is not possible.

  36. Airborne Control Agencies Tactical Air Coordinator (Airborne) TAC(A) Assault Support Coordinator (Airborne) ASC(A)

  37. MARINES RADAR DASC TAOC Procedural Control Positive Control

  38. Low-Altitude Air Defense (LAAD) Battalion A-MANPADS Close-in, low-altitude surface-to-air weapons fires in defense of forward combat areas, vital areas, and installations. Surface-to-air weapons support for units engaged in special and independent operations. Ground security force in defense of MAGTF (secondary mission).

  39. Task Organized to Defend the MAGTF MEU MEB MEF BATTALION FIRING BATTERY W/ H&S DET RESPONSIVENESS FIREPOWER SECTION 45 TEAMS 5 TEAMS 90 TEAMS Crisis Response & Limited Contingency Major Ops & Campaigns Range of Military Operations

  40. Marine Wing Communications Squadron (MWCS) • Works with ACE G-6 to plan & coordinate all wing communications • Connectivity for the MACCS • Single & multi-channel voice & data • Digital backbone for all MACCS agencies

  41. Questions?

  42. Marine Aviation OAS AAW Assault Support Air Recon EW Control of A&M Marine Aviation Function: Antiair Warfare (AAW)

  43. Overview Introduction to Antiair Warfare Categories Principles Requirements Planning considerations

  44. Antiair Warfare Purpose: • Force Protection • Ensures that air superiority is achieved for the effective conduct of amphibious and expeditionary operations.

  45. Antiair Warfare AAW OCA DCA Offensive AAW Air Defense Passive Air Defense Active Air Defense

  46. Destruction in-depth FEZ, JEZ, MEZ, BDZ Sectors Far from vital area Mutual support Multiple elements Complementary Redundancy Ensure continuity of the engagement Principles of AAW

  47. Centralized Command/Decentralized Control MACCS Coordination Economy of force Minimize reaction time Maximize damage resistance Autonomy Principles of AAW (cont)

  48. Fighters and Attack Aircraft Surface-to-Air Missiles Surface-to-Surface Missiles Artillery Man-Portable Air Defense Weapons Air-to-Air Missiles Electronic Attack C2 AAW Assets

  49. Offensive AAW (OAAW) Destroy or neutralize the enemy’s air and missile threat before it launches or assumes an attacking role OAAW Targets: • C2 facilities • Surveillance systems • Air defense systems • Supporting areas

  50. Preemptive measures Strikes against aircraft, airfields, C2, IADS Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) Local air superiority measures CAPs, sweeps, escort Reactive measures Use of offensive firepower in response to an immediate threat Attacks against Time Critical Targets (TCTs) OAAW Tasks

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