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Interstitial-Free Steels: Structure of Spot Welds. Interstitial-free steel Fe-0.002C wt%. Interstitial-free and unalloyed. Extremely fast transformations. Extremely fast cooling rates. Phase diagram similar to pure iron. Difficult to interpret structure. Interstitial-free steel
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Interstitial-free steel Fe-0.002C wt% Interstitial-free and unalloyed
Extremely fast transformations Extremely fast cooling rates Phase diagram similar to pure iron Difficult to interpret structure
Interstitial-free steel Fe-0.002C wt%
Completed in a time period much less than a second J. Khan, L. Xu and Y. J. Chao, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 4 (1999) 201
austenite ferrite cementite
Physical metallurgy of spot welds in interstitial-free steels austenitic stainless ferritic stainless Bhadeshia, Vitek and David, Materials Science and Technology 7 (1991) 50
Bhadeshia, Vitek and David, Materials Science and Technology 7 (1991) 50
Carbon supersaturated plate Carbon diffusion into Carbon diffusion into austenite and carbide austenite precipitation in ferrite Carbide precipitation from austenite LOWER BAINITE UPPER BAINITE (Low Temperature) (High Temperature)
Hayat, Demir, Acarer, Aslanar, Kovove Materialy 47 (2009) 11 Reproduced with permission
Bayraktar, Kaplan, Devillers and Chevalier, J. Mat. Proc. Techn. 189 (2007) 114 Reproduced with permission
calculations 800 2 1 3 4 700 5 6 600 500 Temperature / C 1. Fe-0.4C 2. Fe-0.4C-2Si 400 3. Fe-0.4C-1Ni 4. Fe-0.4C-1Mn 5. Fe-0.4C-1Mn-1Cr 300 6. Fe-0.4C-2Mn 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 Time / s
Mukhopadhyay, Bhattacharya and Ray, J. Mat. Proc. Techn. 209 (2009) 1995 Reproduced with permission
Mukhopadhyay, Bhattacharya and Ray, J. Mat. Proc. Techn. 209 (2009) 1995 Reproduced with permission
Mukhopadhyay, Bhattacharya and Ray, J. Mat. Proc. Techn. 209 (2009) 1995 Reproduced with permission
Bhadeshia, Svensson & Gretoft, Acta Metallurgica 33 (1985) 1271