Evaluation of Rashtriya Sam Vikas Yojna (RSVY)

1. Evaluation of Rashtriya Sam Vikas Yojna (RSVY) AMS Consulting (P) Limited

2. Aim of the Study To assist the policy makers in drawing useful lessons for designing future programs.

3. Specific Objective • To evaluate the financial & physical progress of the schemes under the program • To study the role of people & people's organizations in planning, implementation and monitoring of the schemes under the program • To assess the status of achievement of the objectives of the program, that is, to assess the extent of benefits accrued to the target groups/areas • To analyze the effectiveness of the administrative & implementing systems for drawing lessons to design future schemes

4. Broad Framework of the Study

5. Sample Selection

6. Sample Selection 11 States 15 Districts 30 Blocks (10% of the blocks in each district, subject to a minimum of 2 blocks) Study States & Districts already identified by the Planning Commission Contd…

7. Sample Selection Sampling of Blocks — • Based on the amount of RSVY expenditure (Due care was taken to ensure that the two sample blocks were not contiguous) Sampling of Works — • In each block, 10% of the various works from all the major sectors Contd…

8. Data Collection Primary Data — • IDIs with State, district & block-level officials • IDIs with Line Departments • IDIs with PRIs/NGOs • FGDs/Interviewing of beneficiaries Secondary Data — • District Perspective Plans (DPPs) • Monthly Progress Reports (MPRs) • Other relevant records Contd…

9. Data Collection Field Observations — • In each block, 10% of the various works from all the major sectors for ascertaining physical status and quality

10. Major Findings

11. Key Parameters • Planning • Implementation • Monitoring • Maintenance of Assets • Impact : Utility

12. Planning — Guidelines • PRIs, NGOs and Self Help Groups at every stage of Planning, implementation and monitoring (Para-4.2.4) • SWOT analysis & benchmark survey by expert agency (Para-1.2) • Identify a few lead sectors (3 to 4) for RSVY interventions (Para-1.2 & 6.4.5) • Efforts should be made to concentrate on the poorer pockets within the districts (Para-4.2.11) Contd…

13. Planning — Findings • Instead of bottom-up, usual top-down approach followed in most districts • Most interventions proposed by Line Departments • Little or no community involvement in 10 out 15 districts (In Bastar, Banswara, Palakkad, Dindori and Mon, block-level workshops were organized for identifying the gaps/needs) Contd…

14. Planning — Findings • Benchmark survey conducted by 5 out of 15 districts • SWOT analysis in 11 out of 15 district • Specialist agency/consultant for DPP in only 5 out of 15 districts • Inequitable allocation of RSVY funds Contd…

15. Block-wise Status vis-à-vis RSVY Funds Received for Improving Irrigation District Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh Behta Kasmanda Reusa Palha Sakran Machhrehta Sidhauli % RSVY Fund for Improving Irrigation Rampur Mathura Gondlamau Pisawan % Net Irrigated Area Contd…

16. Behta Palha Kasmanda % RSVY Fund for Rural Connectivity Sidhauli Pisawan Rampur Mathura Sakran Gondlamau Machhrehta Reusa % Road Connectivity Block-wise Status vis-à-vis RSVY Funds Received for Improving Rural Connectivity District Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh Contd…

17. Planning — Findings • Major deviations observed between the planned and actual expenditure in two-third of the districts, indicating lack of proper planning • Out of 15, only 5 districts (Mon, Warangal, Pallakad, Mayurbhanj and Dangs) could actually adhere to their DPPs Contd…

18. Warangal Mon Adherence to Original DPPs Contd…

19. Sitapur Bastar Major Deviations from Original DPPs Contd…

20. Implementation Agency-wise Expenditure of RSVY Funds Others: U.P. Projects Corporation, U.P. Samaj Kalyan Nirman Nigam, Municipal Corporations, etc. Contd…

21. Agency-wise Expenditure of RSVY Funds Contd…

22. Addressing Unemployment(7%) Physical Infrastructure(29%) Agriculture(40%) Social Infrastructure(24%) Sector-wise Utilization of RSVY Funds Contd…

23. Sector-wise Utilization of RSVY Funds Contd…

24. Physical & Financial Achievement Contd…

25. Monitoring • Contrary to guidelines, little or no community involvement in most of the states; No system of social audit Jharkhand : • Nigrani Samitis in the villages Nagaland : • Village Level Committees for rural areas (Meetings conducted once every 2 months) • Town Level Committees for town areas (Meetings conducted once every 2 months)

26. Monitoring “Strict monitoring schedule should be a part of the implementation process itself‘” (Para-6.6.1) • Reportedly periodic review meetings & field visits at State and districts • Lack of clearly defined monitoring norms in terms of category of works & designated officials and frequency in most states • Convenience Monitoring ! Major Constraints : Limited staff & simultaneous implementation of many schemes

27. Sustainability/Maintenance “In case of the community assets, future maintenance is to be built into the program” (Para-4.2.10) • In most states, maintenance of durable assets with Line Department • Village panchayat/user group to maintain community-based assets (wells, lift irrigation schemes, community centers, etc.) Major Constraints : Lack of funds resulting in poor maintenance, leading to sub-optimal utilization of assets created

28. Impact of RSVY Interventions • Increased agriculture productivity • Improved economic status • Improved health conditions • Improved rural connectivity • Improved quality of life

29. Overall Utility of RSVY Interventions

30. RSVY Works : Overall Utility Index (As Perceived by the Targeted Beneficiaries) Overall Utility 5-Point Scale Very Good = 4Good = 3So-So = 2Poor = 1Very Poor = 0 Weighted by Share in Total Expenditure WeightedAverage Points Overall Index(Out of 100) Contd…