Ecosystems L 3.2

1. Ecosystems L 3.2

2. Fleas harm cats and dogs by living off their blood. Which type of relationship is this? _________________________A cooperation B mutualism C parasitism D predator/prey

3. Fleas harm cats and dogs by living off their blood. Which type of relationship is this? _________________________C parasitism

4. Which relationship shows how terrestrial and aquatic food webs are interconnected? ____________________________ A. A bird eats fish. B. A cow eats grass. C. A shark eats fish. D. A grasshopper eats grass.

5. Which relationship shows how terrestrial and aquatic food webs are interconnected? ____________________________ A. A bird eats fish.

6. Which best demonstrates a producer in an ecosystem? ______________________ A fox B bear C grass D rabbit

7. Which best demonstrates a producer in an ecosystem? ______________________ C grass

8. Relationships in a woodland ecosystem are shown below. Which is a predator in this woodland ecosystem? ________________________________________ A fish B grass C hawk D mouse

9. Relationships in a woodland ecosystem are shown below. Which is a predator in this woodland ecosystem? ________________________________________ C hawk

10. The graphic below shows part of the arctic ecosystem where fish feed on phytoplankton, and seals feed on fish. Which best explains what will happen to the fish and seal populations if polar bears are introduced into this ecosystem? ________________________________________ A The fish population will decrease, and the seal population will remain the same. B The fish population will increase, and the seal population will decrease. C Both the fish population and the seal population will remain the same. D Both the fish population and the seal population will decrease.

11. The graphic below shows part of the arctic ecosystem where fish feed on phytoplankton, and seals feed on fish. Which best explains what will happen to the fish and seal populations if polar bears are introduced into this ecosystem? ________________________________________ . B The fish population will increase, and the seal population will decrease.

12. Which best represents a parasite and a host? __________________________A a shark and a seal B a tapeworm and a cow C a lioness and an antelope D a clown fish and a sea anemone

13. Which best represents a parasite and a host? __________________________ B a tapeworm and a cow

14. Which is an example of parasitism? ___________________________ A cat and mouse B tadpole and frog C human and tapeworm D caterpillar and butterfly

15. Which is an example of parasitism? ___________________________ C human and tapeworm

16. Which relationship best demonstrates cooperation between species? _______________________ A competition B mutualism C parasitism D predator/prey

17. Which relationship best demonstrates cooperation between species? _______________________ B mutualism

18. Which best represents the niche of phytoplankton and algae in a marine ecosystem? _________________________ A producers B consumers C scavengers D decomposers

19. Which best represents the niche of phytoplankton and algae in a marine ecosystem? _________________________ A producers

20. Bees and butterflies help pollinate plants, enabling them to reproduce while getting nectar from those plants. Which is best represented by this relationship? _________________________ A mutualism B parasitism C competition D predator-prey

21. Bees and butterflies help pollinate plants, enabling them to reproduce while getting nectar from those plants. Which is best represented by this relationship? _________________________ A mutualism

22. In which ecosystem would competition most likely occur among a population of a species? ___________________________________ A a land ecosystem B a large ecosystem C a small ecosystem ‘D a water ecosystem

23. In which ecosystem would competition most likely occur among a population of a species? ___________________________________ C a small ecosystem

24. An organism sometimes lives on its host, benefiting itself while the host is harmed. Which term best describes this relationship? ___________________________ A parasitism B mutualism C competition D coexistence

25. An organism sometimes lives on its host, benefiting itself while the host is harmed. Which term best describes this relationship? ___________________________ A parasitism

26. In a beehive, different bees have different jobs within the hive, but all must work together in order for the hive to survive. Which is most likely being demonstrated? __________________________ A competition B cooperation C mutualism D parasitism

27. In a beehive, different bees have different jobs within the hive, but all must work together in order for the hive to survive. Which is most likely being demonstrated? __________________________ B cooperation

28. Which pair of organisms would most likely demonstrate mutualism in an ecosystem? ________________________ A tapeworm and dog B rabbit and grass C tick and human D bee and flower

29. Which pair of organisms would most likely demonstrate mutualism in an ecosystem? ________________________ D bee and flower

30. In a marine ecosystem, sea anemones often attach themselves to the shells of hermit crabs, demonstrating mutualism. The stinging tendrils of the sea anemone protect the hermit crab from predators. Which is the most likely benefit to the anemone? ________________________________________ A The anemone feeds directly on the crab’s shell. B The crab protects the anemone from wave and current action. C The anemone travels with the crab and has access to more resources. D The crab provides the anemone with immunity to diseases and parasites.

31. In a marine ecosystem, sea anemones often attach themselves to the shells of hermit crabs, demonstrating mutualism. The stinging tendrils of the sea anemone protect the hermit crab from predators. Which is the most likely benefit to the anemone? ________________________________________ C The anemone travels with the crab and has access to more resources.

32. Cattle egrets are birds that often follow behind cattle grazing in a field. As the cattle graze and move through the field, they stir up various insects, which the cattle egrets eat. Which best describes why the cattle and the egrets can coexist in the field? ________________________________________ A The egrets protect the cattle from the insects. B The cattle depend on the egrets as a food source. C The cattle and the egrets compete for food resources. D The cattle and the egrets consume different food sources.

33. Cattle egrets are birds that often follow behind cattle grazing in a field. As the cattle graze and move through the field, they stir up various insects, which the cattle egrets eat. Which best describes why the cattle and the egrets can coexist in the field? ________________________________________ D The cattle and the egrets consume different food sources.

34. Which best describes a parasitic relationship? ______________________________ A Both organisms benefit. B Neither organism benefits. C One organism benefits, while the other is unaffected. D One organism benefits, while the other organism is harmed.

35. Which best describes a parasitic relationship? ______________________________ D One organism benefits, while the other organism is harmed.

36. Which best represents a mutualistic relationship? ___________________________________ A A lion lies in tall grass watching a herd of gazelles. B Maggots feed on the decaying remains of a dead animal. C Insects pollinate a flower while feeding on nectar in the flower. D A tapeworm takes in digested nutrients in the intestine of a sheep.

37. Which best represents a mutualistic relationship? ___________________________________ C Insects pollinate a flower while feeding on nectar in the flower.

38. Relationships in a grassland ecosystem are shown below. Which best describes the relationship between the deer mouse and the sparrow in this grassland ecosystem? _____________ A competition B cooperation C mutualism D parasitism

39. Relationships in a grassland ecosystem are shown below. Which best describes the relationship between the deer mouse and the sparrow in this grassland ecosystem? _____________ A competition

40. Which organism is most likely to compete with a rabbit for resources? ___________________________ A ants B deer C owl D wolf

41. Which organism is most likely to compete with a rabbit for resources? ___________________________ B deer

42. Which best describes the effect on an ecosystem when populations of white-tailed deer are overhunted by people in an area? _____________________________________ A It decreases the amount of producers. B It directly increases the population of decomposers. C It disrupts the balance between predators and prey. D It decreases competition for food among carnivores.

43. Which best describes the effect on an ecosystem when populations of white-tailed deer are overhunted by people in an area? _____________________________________ C It disrupts the balance between predators and prey.

44. Which is an example of a parasitic relationship? _________________________________ A a hummingbird getting nectar from a flower B a lion chasing, killing, and eating an antelope C a tapeworm living inside a human’s intestines D an ant protecting an acacia tree while living in it

45. Which is an example of a parasitic relationship? _________________________________ C a tapeworm living inside a human’s intestines

46. Some plants have fungi that live intertwined in their roots. The fungi provide nutrients to the plants, while the plants’ roots provide a habitat for the fungi. Which relationship is demonstrated by this example? ____________________________A predator-prey B competition C mutualism D parasitism

47. Some plants have fungi that live intertwined in their roots. The fungi provide nutrients to the plants, while the plants’ roots provide a habitat for the fungi. Which relationship is demonstrated by this example? ____________________________C mutualism

48. The diagram below shows a forest food web. If deer were introduced into this ecosystem, which would most likely occur first? ________________________________________ A The beetle population would decrease. B The grass population would decrease. C The robin population would decrease. D The snake population would decrease.

49. The diagram below shows a forest food web. If deer were introduced into this ecosystem, which would most likely occur first? ________________________________________ . B The grass population would decrease.