“PROSPERITY IS NOT AN ACCIDENT ”

1. “PROSPERITY IS NOT AN ACCIDENT”

2. Challenges How do we measure the performance of cities and the outcome of public policies? How do wemeasuresustainableurbandevelopment?

3. UN-HABITAT monitors progress made towards the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda. • UN-Habitat’s CPI supports countries and cities: • To collect data, using an agreed universal set of indicators • To analyze information using common platform • To validate with common standards • To produce spatial indicators for disaggregation • To produce country/ city reports • To establish local- national urban observatories

4. The CPI is the tool used for these needs. The City Prosperity Initiative is the United Nation’s platform for urban data, developed to formulate evidence based decision making and monitoring for cities.

5. Data, Information and Policy Making The basis of the Initiative is an Index created by UN Habitat in 2012, developed as a response to the demand of local authorities in need of a tool which measures the prosperity and sustainability of cities. MONITORING INSTRUMENT A multi purpose platform This platform answers to the 6 Dimensions of Urban Prosperity: A POLICY DIALOGUE A DECISION MAKING TOOL BASELINE SETTING GLOBAL MONITORING

6. The Process of the CPI How does the CPI work?

7. Wuhan, China 300 + Cities 400 + CITIES WORLDWIDE

15. Towards an Evidence-Based Urban Agenda 1 Why is spatial measuring important?

16. The Universe of CitiesIn 2010 there were 4,231 cities that had 100,000 people or more.

17. The Global Sample of Cities – Stratified method three strata: 8 regions (UN classification); city-size grouping using 4 categories (small, intermediate, big and large cities); and countries with different number of cities (3 groups)

18. The Global Sample of Cities 200 cities were selected

19. Europe RegionThere were 753 cities of 100,000 inhabitants or more in Europe in 2015. Each country in this region was categorized into one of three groups depending on the number of cities in the country. Russia Country 6 cities were randomly selected: Astrakhan, Berezniki, Dzerzhinsk, Moscow , Saint Petersburg and Tyumen

20. SUSTAINABILITY OF AFRICAN CITIES 2Current global trends threaten the performance and sustainability of cities. Luanda urban sprawl UN-Habitat Global Urban Observatory (guo@unhabitat.org)

21. University Cities Forum 2017 University of Tomsk, Russia 2. CITIES EXPAND IN THEIR TERRITORIES… THEY GREW ON AVERAGE 2 a 3 TIMES in comparison with their populations Developed Countries • Urban Expansion = ratio 1.8 • Population increased only by 18%.  Developed Countries • Urban Expansion 3,5 times • Population multiplied by 2 Asia grfew 2 imes more en Europa 3 times ….. On average the 6 Russian Cities grew 3 times more….

22. University Cities Forum 2017 University of Tomsk, Russia Population declined, still cities expanded Berezniki and Dzerzhinsk(-1.2% and -1% per year from 1990 to 2015). The urban extent increased by 0.9% and 1.2% per year The physical expansion of the city was on average 2times more than the population growth

23. University Cities Forum 2017 University of Tomsk, Russia The population grew, the cities also expanded Moscow, Tyumen and Saint Petersburg(1.3%, 1.5% and 2% per year from 1990 to 2015). The urban extent increased by 2.5%, 2.3% and 2.7%. The physical expansion of the city was on average 2times more in Moscow

24. SUSTAINABILITY OF RUSSIAN CITIES Infill Infill Inclusion Moscow and Saint Petersburg Berezniki , Dzerzhinsk and Astrakhan UN-Habitat Global Urban Observatory (guo@unhabitat.org)

25. 3Residential densities are dramatically reducing Alternative Building Technology housing project in South Africa UN-Habitat Global Urban Observatory (guo@unhabitat.org)

26. REDUCING RESIDENTIAL DENSITY Residential Densities declining world wide In 1990 • Cities in developing countries were 3.3 times more densely populated than cities in developed countries In 2015 • Population densities are declining both in developed and developing countries: Developing countries (annual average rate 2.1%) Developed countries (annual average rate 1.5%) UN-Habitat Global Urban Observatory (guo@unhabitat.org)

27. University Cities Forum 2017 University of Tomsk, Russia Berezniki and Dzerzhinskreduced densities by 32% Around 20 Inhabitants per Hectare 33% in Europe 40% global average Moscow, Tyumen and Saint Petersburg declined 1.3% per year(20%) Moscow and Saint Petersburg are at 43 and 50 Hab/Ha, respectively Global Average 90 Hab/Ha 50% in Asia The reduction of densities conspires against prosperity and sustainability. It is inefficient and limits the production of public goods such as adequate public transport.

28. 4The proportion of land allocated to streets in the expansion areas is low... and decreasing. Kampala street view UN-Habitat Global Urban Observatory (guo@unhabitat.org)

29. University Cities Forum 2017 University of Tomsk, Russia THE PUBLIC SPACE AND LAND ALLOCATED TO STREETS IS BEING REDUCED IN THE LAST 20 YEARS. 25% AVERAGE IN EUROPE 25% 21% 21% GLOBAL AVERAGE MOSCOW reduced % of streets from 20% (1990) to 15% (2015) SAINT PETERSBURG reduced streets from 26% to 21% The optimal value recommended by UN Habitat is 30%

30. Streets are the heart of the city Land allocated to streets • Key factor in the quality of life, the most important and immediate type of public space • Connect people, goods, cities and parts of cities • Carry the public utilities that a city needs to function Global Average 20,8% AFRICA 15.4% in 2015 25% • Road networks bind the city together • Increase social cohesion, network and human exchange • Sustain the social inclusion, the civic identity and the quality of life of the city …………. Access to streets and public open space is the first step toward civic empowerment • b 21% 17.3% 15.4% The decline of the average share of the land allocated streets over time in a representative set of 30 cities UN-Habitat Global Urban Observatory (guo@unhabitat.org)

31. Access to Arterial Roads Arterial roads integrate the city as a whole • Roads are considered arterial when they have a width of at least 18m and are connected to other arterial roads. • Arterial Roads are critical elements of planned public space • Arterial Roads optimize the use of public transport • They integrate the metropolitan labor markets. Areas of the city within a walking distance to an Arterial Road Walking to an arterial road in Moscow increased in distance from 385 meters in 1990 to 1191meters in 2015. Moscow reduced arterial roads from 25% to 3% in the expansion areas Public space in the Expansion Areas in the Universe of Cities

32. cpi.unhabitat.org