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MODAL VERBS

MODAL VERBS. You CAN’T take photographs here. SOME CHARACTERISTICS. The verbs : CAN COULD BE ABLE TO MAY MIGHT MUST HAVE TO SHOULD are MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS. SOME CHARACTERISTICS. MODAL VERBS are used in English to HELP other verbs express : Ability Possibility Certainty

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MODAL VERBS

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  1. MODAL VERBS You CAN’T takephotographshere.

  2. SOME CHARACTERISTICS • Theverbs: • CAN • COULD • BE ABLE TO • MAY • MIGHT • MUST • HAVE TO • SHOULD are MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS.

  3. SOME CHARACTERISTICS MODAL VERBS are used in EnglishtoHELPotherverbsexpress: Ability Possibility Certainty Advice Obligation / Necessity Lack of necessity Prohibition

  4. SOME CHARACTERISTICS They do nottakean –s / -ing / -edendingHe can cook(NOT: He canscook). They do not use theauxiliary “do” toformquestions and negatives Theyshouldn’tmakeanynoise(NOT: Theydon’tshouldmakeanynoise). They are followedbythe BASE FORM of the VERB  You MUST FASTEN yourseat-belt(NOT: You MUST TO FASTEN yourseat-belt). They do notform ALL TENSES. Theyusuallyhave PRESENT or PAST tense  He CAN playtennis / He COULD playtenniswhen he was 5 yearsold.

  5. ABILITY • PRESENT ABILITY – CAN • Meaning“poder fer algo” / “saber fer algo” Peter CAN READ but his sister Rose, CAN’T.

  6. ABILITY • PAST ABILITY – COULD • Meaning “podiafer algo” / “sabia fer algo” Mrs Turner COULD PLAY tennis before she had the accident.

  7. ABILITY • FUTURE ABILITY – WILL BE ABLE TO • Meaning “podré fer algo” / “sabré fer algo” Doctors WILL BE ABLE TO FIND a cure for cancer.

  8. POSITIVE CERTAINTY • MUST • Meaning “definitely yes” / “I’msure” He MUST BE lost!

  9. POSSIBILITY • MAY / MIGHT / COULD • Meaning “itispossible” / “perhaps” • Why is the baby crying? • He MAY / MIGHT / COULD BE hungry!

  10. NEGATIVE CERTAINTY • CAN’T • Meaning “definitelynot” / “I’msurenot” He CAN’T BE at home!

  11. ADVICE • POSITIVE ADVICE – SHOULD • NEGATIVE ADVICE – SHOULDN’T • Meaning “I adviseyouto / notto” (“t’aconsello que / que no) You SHOULD BE more careful!!

  12. OBLIGATION / NECESSITY • There are 2 types of necessity / obligation: • INTERNAL - The speaker decides that something is necessary; some personal circumstances make the obligation necessary. • EXTERNAL - Somebody else other than the speaker has made the decision; some external circumstances make the obligation necessary (laws, regulations, agreements and other people’s orders).

  13. INTERNAL OBLIGATION / NECESSITY • MUST / HAVE TO • Meaning “it is necessary” / “I’m obliged to” You MUST LISTEN to me carefully! You HAVE TO LISTEN to me carefully!

  14. EXTERNAL OBLIGATION / NECESSITY • HAVE TO • Meaning “it is necessary” / “I’m obliged to” I HAVE TO WEAR a uniformeveryday at work.

  15. OBLIGATION / DUTY • 3rd PersonObligation – MUST • Itismainlyused in WRITTEN: • Orders • Rules • Instructions • Meaning “it is obligatory to”

  16. OBLIGATION

  17. LACK OF OBLIGATION / NECESSITY • DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO • (don’t/doesn’tneedto & needn’t) • Meaning “it isn’t necessary to do something” The farmer DOESN’T HAVE TO BUY any vegetables (= It isn’t necessary for the farmer to buy any vegetables)

  18. PROHIBITION • MUSTN’T • Meaning “it is forbidden to do something” / “you are not allowed to do something” /”it is against the rules” /”youcan’t do something”

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