Peace Support Operations

1. 18 Oct 12 Lt Col Tim Harbinson GBR-A British Army in Northern Ireland NATO in Bosnia NATO in Zagreb HQ ISAF Jan – Jul 09 UK PJHQ Pakistan Mar – Dec 11 NATO School Peace Support Operations Slide 1 of 263

2. Scope To give you an understanding of PSO within NATO (Allied Joint 3.4.1(A)) Publication Familiarize you with some of the terms and concepts used in NATO PSO Highlight the complexities

3. What are NATO Peace Support Operations (PSO)? • “An operation that impartially makes use of diplomatic, civil and military means, normally in pursuit of UN Charter purposes and principles, to restore or maintain peace”. Such operations may include conflict prevention, peace-making, peace enforcement, peacekeeping, peace building and/or support to humanitarian assistance”.

4. UK – Malaya 52-57 Robert Thompson’s 5 Principles of Counter Insurgency

5. Peace Support Operations Types of PSO Aim The Environment The Actors Principles Summary

6. What are NATO Peace Support Operations (PSO)? PSO - not War Fighting Article 5 – Coll Def Non-Article 5 - Crisis Response Operations Disaster relief Search and Rescue Humanitarian Ops Non Combatant Evacuation Sanctions/Embargos Conflict prevention Peace keeping Peace enforcement Peace making War Fighting National Caveats and Rules of Engagement!

7. Types of PSO Conflict Prevention Enforcement of Sanctions and Embargoes Peacemaking Peace Enforcement Peacekeeping Peacebuilding Training Disarm, demob, reintegration (DDR) Support to Humanitarian Assistance Refugee and Internally Displaced Person Assistance

8. Aims of PSOs Influencing will, understanding and capability An agreed military end-state Rule of law established Internal security mechanism has control Levels of violence within societal norms An agreed political end-state

9. Complexity of Crises PMESII

11. The ‘Actors’ Most Obvious: Diplomatic Community International Community: International Organizations UN Military (NATO, EU, OSCE) ICRC Other Organizations (NGO) (The Crisis Area): Regional Host and Neighboring Nations Local Government Other Military (regulars, security, militias, tribal etc) Police Private Military Security Companies Terrorist/Insurgent/Criminal (Spoilers)

12. IO - Goodwill Ambassador

13. The Actors: International OrganisationsThe United Nations • ARTICLE 1, UN Charter: • “to maintain international peace and security”. • Can issue Mandates: • Chapter 6: Peaceful Settlement (by invitation) • Chapter 7: Enforcement Actions • Chapter 8: Regional Arrangements • Task: Restore Civil Society!! • From unarmed military observers to tailored multi-dimensional forces

14. NATO Operations and Missions 2011 Libya

15. * * * Military – European Union *. FYROM: Recognized by Turkey under its constitutional name.

16. Non-Governmental Organisations • Humanitarian Assistance • Redevelopment

17. The Actors : Host Nation Is there a Government? Continual dialogue (Language)! Local military / police/ armed civilians and private armed military/security contractors - under control? (Joint Military Commissions) Criminal justice system working (Governance)? Hardest to effect. . . ethnic and religious issues Emphasize shared benefits and common goals

18. The Actors: Local Population Building trust and confidence after human rights abuses and suffering! Criminal Trade

19. The Actors: The Media The Media is a multi billion dollar business Soldiers and their families access the news as well Real time reporting & imagery from the middle of nowhere (mobile, laptop & satellite communications). ‘Bad news is good news!” They have time critical deadlines He understands exactly how publicity can assist his cause

20. Impartiality Consent Restraint Objective / End State Perseverance Unity of Effort Flexibility Legitimacy Security Credibility Mutual Respect Transparency Freedom of Movement Principles of PSO

21. Principles - Impartiality • …a Peace Support Force should always be impartial and even handed; if force is used against a particular party, it should only be because of what that party is doing (or not doing) in relation to the mandate… • …if force is used it must be used with restraint

22. Principles - Consent • The promotion of cooperation and consent is fundamental to achieving the political ‘end state’ in all Peace Support Operations • The need to promote cooperation and consent and the long-term demands of peace will constrain the use of all military techniques, and not just the use of force

23. Consent

24. Principles -Restraint • The consequences of using force reach far beyond the immediate tactical situation. Political considerations…will require that all military actions…are restrained…against the long-term requirements of peace building • In cases of clear breaches of the mandate…the use of force…may serve to enhance the credibility of the force and the consent for the operation nationally and internationally

25. Impartiality Consent Restraint Objective / End State Perseverance Unity of Effort Flexibility Legitimacy Security Credibility Mutual Respect Transparency Freedom of Movement and Action Principles of PSO

26. Legitimacy • Perceived Legitimacy

27. Principles – Civ Mil Coop “The co-ordination and co-operation,in support of the mission,between the NATO commander and civil actors, including national population and local authorities, as well as international, national and non-governmental organizations and agencies.“

28. Diplomatic Line of Operation Economic End State Military End State Reconstruction Military Operations within a Wider Context

29. A complex environment with many actors They are discretionary, so legitimacy will always be an issue Military activities will be in support. The military end state will only contribute to the decisive outcome Recognise the primacy of the political line of activity – have a comprehensive understanding of the problem Summary

30. Questions? Printable version | Send it to a friend | Save story