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Smart Parking Sensors

Smart Parking Sensors. Mollie Cannon ENGR 518 12/4/12. The Problem. Number of cars on the road is increasing Motorists struggle to find available parking Parking = source of frustration, CO 2 emissions, waste of fuel, traffic jams. Taken from Google Images. The Solution.

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Smart Parking Sensors

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  1. Smart Parking Sensors Mollie Cannon ENGR 518 12/4/12

  2. The Problem • Number of cars on the road is increasing • Motorists struggle to find available parking • Parking = source of frustration, CO2 emissions, waste of fuel, traffic jams Taken from Google Images

  3. The Solution • Sensors that determine if a spot is occupied or not • Data sent to smart phones and other devices to display where parking is available Taken from Google Images

  4. Types of Car Detection Sensors • Intrusive: installed beneath the pavement • Examples: active infrared sensors, inductive loops, magnetometers, magnetoresistive sensors, pneumatic road tubes, piezoelectric cables, weigh-in-motion sensors • Non-intrusive: device mounted on a surface above or below parking space • Examples: microwave radar, passive acoustic array sensors, passive infrared sensors, RFID, ultrasonic, video image processing

  5. Non-Intrusive Video Image Processing Taken from Mitsubishi Electric

  6. Video Image Processing • Analyzes video imagery to detect changes between successive frames using CCTV • RabbitCore Microcontroller image processing module detects space vacancy from CCTV feed • Data analyzed on microcontroller before sent through Zigbee Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) • Video sensor determines if space available

  7. Video Image Processing Positives • Low maintenance • Cost effective Negatives • Problems due to incorrect interpretation of data • Poor lighting around camera leads to shadows mistaken as cars

  8. Intrusive Magnetoresistive Taken from Libelium

  9. Libelium Magnetic Field Sensor • Detects presence of car through change in magnetic field • Uses permalloy magnetic field sensor (MSF) Taken from Libelium

  10. Magnetic Field Sensor • Thin film of permalloy • Film integrated in Wheatstone bridge where resistance between 600-1200 Ω; Vsupply= 5V • 3-axis sensor • Output amplified and filtered • Converted from analog to digital • Limiting hysteresis effects

  11. Node Placement • Buried in pavement under parking spaces • Info relayed to rest of sensor network through Waspmote’sZigbee radio • Placement in ground depends on type of parking spot

  12. Libelium Sensor • Can be programmed by USB connection or through wireless network • Software upgrades performed over radio network so sensors remained buried • Powered through two Lithium non-rechargeable batteries

  13. Streetline • Parking app for smart phone • Gives real time info on open parking spaces

  14. Future of Smart Parking Sensors • Used to predict future parking patterns • Used for pricing strategies • Contribute to smart cities

  15. References • http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4216891/Smart-parking-sensor-platform-helps-city-motorists-save-time-and-fuel • http://www.libelium.com/documentation/waspmote/smart-parking-sensor-board_eng.pdf • http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-products/electronic-product-releases/operating-systems/4224976/Streetline-Unveils-Next-Generation-Smart-Parking-App-Platform--Parker%E2%84%A2 • http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/itj/2009/114-127.pdf • http://sfpark.org/how-it-works/ • http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/itj/2009/.101-113.pdf

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