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DEMAND DRIVEN HIGHER EDUCATION ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

DEMAND DRIVEN HIGHER EDUCATION ISSUES AND CHALLENGES. Dr. S.S.CHAHAL Director of Research Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. FOCUS. HE system and its growth Impact on Society Affordability Role of regulatory bodies Role of academic research Other contemporary issues.

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DEMAND DRIVEN HIGHER EDUCATION ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

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  1. DEMAND DRIVEN HIGHER EDUCATION ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Dr. S.S.CHAHAL Director of Research Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

  2. FOCUS • HE system and its growth • Impact on Society • Affordability • Role of regulatory bodies • Role of academic research • Other contemporary issues

  3. “If I were asked under what sky the human mind has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solutions to some of them which well deserves the attention of even those who have studied Plato and Kant – I should point to India” - Max Muller

  4. HE: Historical Perspective • 1818: First college to impart western education at Saranpore • 1835: Mc Cauley’s Policy – Europeon learning through English • 1854 : Sir Charles Wood’s Dispatch • Province-wise education department • Universities at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras • Grant – in – aid system • 1882: First Education Commission in India Setting up of National line-Institutions • Anglo- Mohamnden Oriental Colleges Aligarh (1875) • DAV College Lahore (1886) • Central Hindu college Varanasi (1898) • 1947: 19 Universities, several hundred affiliated colleges

  5. Growth of Institutions of Higher Learning and Enrolment in India

  6. GROSS ENROLMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION

  7. GROWTH TRENDS OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING

  8. DO WE HAVE ENOUGH COLLEGE SEATS GROWTH ? • Literacy growth during last 10 years =10% • Mandate of Sarv Siksha Abhyan : Relevant elementary satisfactory education for all by 2010 • Expected demand of college seats = 8-10% • Current capacity : 11 million seats • Additional requirement : 11.5 million seats by 2020

  9. The Moving Ways……….. • Recent expansion : Chaotic and unplanned • Increase Number Infrastructure Intellectual resource • Entry Entrance Exam • Low priority for research in HE • Non viable rural college • Absence of reform agenda Rich Urban Elite Poor Background `

  10. OVERLAPING ROLES OF REGULATORY BODIES

  11. OVERLAPING ROLE OF REGULATIORY BODIES

  12. CREDIBILITY • Indian HE System : Creditability Questionable • Since many better known institutions of HE are out side the convictional education system e.g. IITS, IIMS, NIFT, NID, IISc, TISS, BITS Pilani etc

  13. FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS • State Govts. priority for elementary and secondary education • First 5yr plan outlay : 7.86% • Fifth 5yr plan outlay : 3.27% • Current Govt. sponsoring : 3.5% of GDP • Emphasis on self sustainability AFFORDABILITY • Student loan schemes ACCESS AND EQUITY • Must access to talented and deserving students QUALITY ASSURANCE • Relevance • Internationalization of education • Vocationalisation

  14. INSTITUTION-INDUSTRY INTERFACE • Develop database of available facilities • Involve industry in curriculum development • Faculty exchange • Conjoint research and development • Problem solving, Testing, Certification for industry • Conducting advanced programmes on contemporary issues • Setting up special monitoring cell • Promoting entrepreneurship

  15. ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN HE • Researchers (per million) ~119 ( Japan~5287, US~4484) • No. of Doctoral degrees ( per year) ~17,000 Sci. & Engg ~ 6,000 (China~9,000, US~25,000) • Graduate in Sci. & Engg. Finishing doctorate (%) India : 0.4, US : 4, Europe : 7 • Engg. 70-80 % doctorate degrees are from top 25 universities

  16. ISSUES IN ACADEMIC RESEARCH • Decline in Performance of Universities • Low quality research • Irrelevance • Repetitive • Imperfect linkages • Incentives to attract talent • Recognition of meritorious research • Enhancement of post-doctoral research • Centers of excellence in research • New Technology : Access and Application

  17. CONCLUSION • Quality must prevail • Introspection and external review • Adequate response to diverse requirement • International discussions, exchange of knowledge and networking • Mobility of teacher and students • Careful selection and development of staff • Attract talent to campuses • Improvement in regulatory mechanism • Improvement in standards of academic research • Additional financial investment • Careful privatization to maintain standards

  18. …Epilogue “Our education system faces the conflicting threats of anarchic growth in qualitative terms and stagnation in qualitative terms. We need a balance between populism and over regulation; between unbridled marketisation and excessive bureaucratization . We need an education system that is modern, liberal and can adopt to changing needs of changing society, a challenging economy and a changing world” - Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India, Harvard Alumni Meet, March 25, 2006.

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