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The Latin American Wars of Independence

1798-1821. The Latin American Wars of Independence. What and Where is Latin America?. Was ruled mostly by Spain Leaders came from Spain, France and Portugal Latin language origins. Outside Causes of Revolution. Enlightenment Revolutions in US and France Napoleonic Wars

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The Latin American Wars of Independence

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  1. 1798-1821 The Latin American Wars of Independence

  2. What and Where is Latin America? • Was ruled mostly by Spain • Leaders came from Spain, France and Portugal • Latin language origins

  3. Outside Causes of Revolution • Enlightenment • Revolutions in US and France • Napoleonic Wars -Focus was in Europe -Spain and Portugal both Occupied for a period of time • Napoleon increases nationalism

  4. Class System • Peninsulares: Latin Americans born in Spain • Creoles: Spaniards born in Latin America • Mestizos: People of mixed European and Indian ancestry • Mulattoes: People of mixed European and African ancestry

  5. Class System

  6. Class System

  7. Haiti • Who rebelled? Slaves rebelled against French • Huge Slave Population • Why: Freedom

  8. What Happened? • L’Overture leads a successful slave revolt in 1798 – he wasa mulatto • Napoleon sends troops to take back Haiti in 1803 • Guerilla Warfare • L’Overture is captured, but revolution continues • Defeat of French Army • Haiti becomes republic in 1820

  9. Spanish America • Area of New Spain spread from Mid-N. America to tip of S. America • Very few rights for native population • Who rebelled? Creoles Rebel • Why? Want their freedom

  10. What Happened? • Simon Bolivar wasa South American born General • Served in Spanish Army against Napoleon • Went back to South America and took over Independence movement • Known as the “The Great Liberator” • Slowly pushes Spanish out • Helped by Jose de San Martin

  11. Mexico • Who rebelled? Father Miguel Hidalgo, a priest, leads the movement with other Native Americans, Mestizo, and Creoles • Why? They want to end slavery • What happened? 1820 they gain independence

  12. Brazil • Portuguese Colony • Portuguese Royal family flees to Brazil when Napoleon takes over • Family leaves, but one son remain behind • Who Rebelled? Creoles and Royal • Why? Want to end colonial rule • What happens? • Pedro I- declares Brazil an independent nation • He rules as a monarch

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