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Configuring a TCP/IP Client for Networking

Learn how to configure a client for a TCP/IP network, connect to the Internet, work with basic Internet clients, and troubleshoot common network client problems.

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Configuring a TCP/IP Client for Networking

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  1. Chapter 10 The Client Side of Networking McGraw-Hill

  2. Learning Outcomes • Configure a client for a TCP/IP network • Connect to the Internet • Work with basic Internet clients • Configure File and Print clients • Troubleshoot common network client problems

  3. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • TCP/IP is a suite of protocols that work together to allow similar and dissimilar systems to communicate • The protocol suite of the Internet and many private networks

  4. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • The two core protocols are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) • TCP/IP protocol automatically installs in Windows when a network card is present

  5. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) • Responsible for the accurate delivery of messages • Verifies and resends pieces that fail to reach the destination • TCP has several sub-protocols

  6. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • Internet Protocol (IP) • Packages communications in chunks, called packets • Allows a computer to be identified by a logical address, called an IP address • IP has several sub-protocols • IP addresses are very important • A computer cannot communicate on a TCP/IP network without a valid IP address

  7. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • IP Addressing Fundamentals • An IP address is assigned to a network adapter • When a modem and LAN adapter are present, each connects a computer to a different network • A desktop computer usually has only a single network device connecting it to a specific network, so that is the only address by which the computer is known on that network • IP address identifies the host and network to which the host connects

  8. Figure 10-1 Windows 7 Local Area Connection Properties dialog box

  9. Figure 10-2 Windows 7 Network Connection Details box

  10. Figure 10-3 Mac OS X Network preferences pane

  11. Figure 10-4 The Network Tools dialog box in the GNOME in Ubuntu

  12. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • IP Addressing Fundamentals (cont.) • Router is at the connecting point between network • Uses routing protocols • Sends each packet to the next router toward destination • Each computer that directly connects to the Internet must have a globally unique IP address • Two versions: IPv4 and IPv6

  13. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • IP Addressing Fundamentals (cont.) • Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) • In use for three decades • 32-bit addressing (232) • 4.3 billion possible IP addresses • Allocation methods have reduced the usable number

  14. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • IP Addressing Fundamentals (cont.) • Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) (cont.) • IPv4 address has four parts in dotted-decimal format • Example: 192.168.1.134 • Each number is within 0 to 255 • Rules determine how these numbers are used • Last IPv4 block assigned on February 1, 2011

  15. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • IP Addressing Fundamentals (cont.) • IPv6 Addresses • Internet transitioning to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) • New addressing scheme with many more addresses • Manufacturers and standards organizations preparing • 128-bit addressing (2128) • Eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons

  16. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • Which addresses can you use? • Public Addresses • Assigned to hosts on the Internet • A host is a device that has an IP address • Source address must be unique on the entire Internet • Destination address must be unique on the entire Internet • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) • Private Addresses (examples are IPv4)

  17. Table 10-1 IPv4 Private IP Address Ranges

  18. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • Which addresses can you use? (cont.) • Private Addresses (examples are IPv4) (cont.) • Not to be used on the Internet, but in only private IP networks • No permissions required • A network device substitutes a private IP address to a unique Internet IP address on outgoing packets • Incoming packets must be given the correct private address

  19. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • How Does a Host Get an IP Address? • Static address assignment • Automatic Address Assignment (DHCP and APIPA) • Most organizations do Automatic IP addressing via Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server • If no DHCP server responds, a Microsoft DHCP client will self-assign via Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

  20. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • IP Configuration Settings • IP Address of network card • Subnet Mask • Default Gateway • DNS Servers

  21. Figure 10-5 Manually configure TCP/IP in Windows using the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties dialog box

  22. Figure 10-6 A subnet mask covers a portion of an IP address

  23. Step-by-Step 10.01 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Examine a Connection’s IP Configuration in a GUI

  24. Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network • Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) • Viewing an IP Configuration from a Command Prompt • Each OS surveyed in this book has a command line utility for viewing and managing an IP configuration at the CLI • Windows: IPCONFIG • Linux and Mac: ifconfig • Displays the IP configuration of network interfaces • Ipconfig /all or ifconfig –a displays IP configuration for all network interfaces

  25. Figure 10-7 The output from running the command IPCONFIG /all

  26. Figure 10-8 The result of running the ifconfig –a command in a Terminal window in Mac OS X

  27. Figure 10-9 The result of running the ifconfig –a command at the $ prompt in Ubuntu Linux

  28. Connecting to the Internet • Internet Service Providers • For a fee, provide Internet access to individuals or companies • They may also offer other Internet-related services • ISP may provide proprietary software for Web browsing, e-mail management, and accessing other Internet services

  29. Figure 10-10 Connecting to the Internet from a single computer or from a LAN

  30. Connecting to the Internet • Internet Service Providers • Some ISPs specialize in certain connection types • Ground Control (www.groundcontrol.com) specializes in satellite Internet service • T-Mobile (www.tmobile.com) provides ISP services for cellular customers • A local telephone company may provide ISP services for dial-up and DSL customers • Cable TV providers offer cable Internet access

  31. Connecting to the Internet • Computer-to-Internet vs. LAN-to-Internet • Computer may have a direct Internet connection • Computer may connect to the Internet through a LAN

  32. Connecting to the Internet • Wired Connectivity Technologies • Dial-up Connections • Use traditional phone system • Inexpensive WAN option • 56Kbps • Need ISP service • Cannot use voice and data on same line

  33. Figure 10-11 A remote client dials in to the network

  34. Connecting to the Internet • Wired Connectivity Technologies • Dial-up Connections (cont.) • Installing a Modem • Verify modem works • Connect external modem to computer and power • Internal modem is turned on with the computer • Install from Phone and Modem Options applet in Control Panel

  35. Figure 10-12 The Windows 7 Phone and Modem dialog box

  36. Connecting to the Internet • Wired Connectivity Technologies • Dial-up Connections (cont.) • Creating a Dial-up Connection • After installing a modem, configure a connection • Internet browsers and e-mail clients can be configured to open connection when the application is started

  37. Step-by-Step 10.02 Connecting to the Internet Configuring a Dial-up Client

  38. Connecting to the Internet • Wired Connectivity Technologies • High-Speed • Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) • Digital telephone service that simultaneously transmits voice, data, and control signals • Requires a special modem and phone service • Up to 128,000 bits per second • Simultaneously supports data, voice, and fax machine • ISDN is dropping out of favor due to better alternatives

  39. Connecting to the Internet • Wired Connectivity Technologies • High-Speed • Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) • Uses advanced digital signal processing over telephone network • Requires changes in components on telephone network • Simultaneously supports data, voice, and fax machine • Dedicated circuit from home or office to central office • Several versions available (ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, VDSL) • 128 Kbps to 8.58 Mbps

  40. Connecting to the Internet • Wired Connectivity Technologies • High-Speed • Cable • Cable television companies use a portion of bandwidth for data • Faster than common telephone lines • Simultaneously supports data, audio, and video • The more users on the same cable segment, the less bandwidth per user

  41. Connecting to the Internet • Wireless Connectivity • Wireless WAN (WWAN) Connections • Digital wireless network that covers a large geographical area – Miles • Accessible to mobile users • More susceptible to environmental factors • Fully bidirectional • Requires antenna tuned to proper radio frequency • Example: cellular Internet connection

  42. Figure 10-13 A WWAN includes devices that retransmit the wireless signal

  43. Connecting to the Internet • Wireless Connectivity • Satellite • For areas without wired broadband • Important part of overall communications network • Stationary or mobile installations • Faster downstream than upstream • Requires an earth-based communications station • Dish points at a data satellite • Satellite links to land-based operations center • Signal routed to the Internet

  44. Figure 10-14 Accessing the Internet through a satellite WAN connection

  45. Connecting to the Internet • WLAN Connections • Wireless local area network • One of Wi-Fi standards • 802.11n is the latest • Range in feet (meters) • Does not connect directly to an ISP • Connect to another LAN or device connected to a WAN

  46. Connecting to the Internet • Sharing an Internet Connection • Through a Windows computer using Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) • Computer becomes a router • Requires two network connections • Computer must remain powered on for others to share connection

  47. Connecting to the Internet • Sharing an Internet Connection (cont.) • Requires two connections on the router • One connection to a broadband modem • One connection to LAN

  48. Connecting to the Internet • Using a Virtual Private Network • Mobile users and remote offices can connect to a corporate office over the Internet • Remote access VPN over dial-up • Site-to-site VPN connects two networks • Simulated private network running inside a "tunnel" from endpoint to endpoint • Additional security provided by encrypting the data and providing authentication of both endpoints of the tunnel

  49. Figure 10-15 A remote access VPN

  50. Using Internet Clients • Web Browsers • Simplify navigation of the Web • Translate plain text language into rich, colorful pages • Netscape Navigator (first successful browser) • Designed by Mosaic Communications (later Netscape Communications) • AOL purchased Netscape Communications in 1999; discontinued support of Netscape Navigator in 2008 • Work continued by nonprofit Mozilla Foundation (www.mozilla.org) with products like Firefox

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